Determination of the effect of winter cover plants mixed into the soil on the germination of weeds in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

Weed control in pistachio gardens is carried out based on mechanical and technological. Mechanical soil tillage is a widely used method, and the situation increases soil confidentiality and risks. The use of herbicides in chemical control causes resistance in foreign plants, ineffectiveness against foreign spread, and phytotoxic effects on saplings/trees, as well as environmental and public problems. Both forms of struggle cause concerns such as the components of ecological balance and the structure of biodiversity. Therefore, it has become inevitable to implement the agroecology framework for the management of fruit-bearing weeds. To attach importance to the use of plants, especially in orchards such as pistachios, in maintaining sustainable productivity. There are not many changes within the covering wage farming system. One of these is the ability to compete with foreign plants. The use of the same or similar weed control methods in pistachio orchards, which have an economic life of tens of years, causes the growth of weed conditions and a decrease in productivity and quality in the future. With this study, foreign repositories of mixing winter cover records in pistachio orchards were investigated. For this purpose, common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), forage needles (Pisum sativum L.), damson (Lathyrus sativus L.), big vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) and sainfoin (Vicia narbonensis L.) Onobrychis sativa Lam.) and legumes such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) and einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) were planted in pistachio orchards aged 15-20 years in Köprüçay village of Pervari district of Siirt province. With this research, the effect of weeds on the coverage area (%), density (plant/m2) determined.