Anti-Amerikanizm'i etkileyen faktörler: PEW 2002 anket sonuçlarının multilevel fixed-effects analizi

The topic of Anti-Americanism attracted an overwhelming scholar attention since the unfortunate 9/11 events, especially with regards to the impact of US foreign policy on the attitudes toward the US. However, we can realize a general lack of interest in the impact of structural and economic reasons of the recent trends of anti-Americanism. The present study explores the impacts of US foreign policy and the economics on anti-Americanism. Using with PEW 2002 GAP dataset that covers 42 countries, a multi-level fixed effects analysis show that at the national level: (i) People living in the perimeters of Israeli-Palestinian conflict appear to be more anti-American (ii) the American bilateral economic and military aid to authoritarian regimes is associated with greater anti-Americanism, (iii) greater trade volume with the United States appears to reduce anti-Americanism, and (iv) economic modernization crisis is linked to higher levels of anti-Americanism. At the individual level, I find that (a) Greater educational level reduces anti-Americanism (b) Income satisfaction and greater levels of personal income also are associated with lower levels of anti-Americanism. The particularity of this work is that it extends the explanatory scope of the Economic Norms Theory introduced by Mousseau (2002/03, 2003, 2009, 2011, 2012 forthcoming) to the variances in anti-Americanism.