Evaluation of the effect of antihypertensive drug use on the success of implant osseointegration

Objective: Hypertension affects bone regeneration and alveolar bone quality and is associated with decreased bone mineral density. Antihypertensive drugs; Its effects on bone metabolism, healing and mineral density are known. However, their effects on dental implant osseointegration are not fully understood. The purpose of this study; to retrospectively evaluate the success level of osseointegration in patients using antihypertensive drugs. Method: This retrospective study included patients who applied to Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for dental implant treatment between January 2013 and 2023, who used only antihypertensive medications and were systemically healthy (not using medications). The ages of 666 (351 female, 315 male) patients included in the study ranged between 18-82 years (average 48.8) and a total of 2146 implants were applied to these patients. In specified patient groups; before prosthesis loading, implant loss was determined as the outcome variable, all data were recorded and statistically analyzed to calculate the risk. Results: Among 71 antihypertensive drug users included in our study, only 1 patient had 1 failed implant, thus the failure rate was 1.4% (1/71). A total of 11 implants failed, one in each of 11 patients out of a total of 595 drug-free patients and the failure rate at the patient level was 1.85% (11/595). Although the difference between the two groups did not reach statistical significance at both the patient and implant level, it was observed that patients who did not use medication had 1.318 (0.168-10.366) times more implant loss than patients who used medication. Conclusion: Antihypertensive drugs eliminate negative effects of hypertension and age on bone and osseointegration and reduce the risk of loss of osseointegration. Key Words: antihypertensive drug, hypertension, osseointegration