Sundials and concept of time in antiquity

The development of sundials in antiquity was thanks to the cooperation between astronomy and mathematbies and to geography as well. Gnomon, the first sundials, were developed to observe the differences of shadow in changes of seasons. The first gnomons in antiquity were developed by Anaksimandros in the 6th eeuntry B.C and used in Sparta. The sundials which were developed after the gnomons were mainly the result of scientific research in İskenderiye in Hellenistic period. The sundials used to be in conical and spherical forms but in Western Anatolia mostly the conical sundials were found. The most important thing to consider when making a sundial is to find the right place to put according to the degree of latitude. The sundials in antiquity start running when turned to the South. On the dial there are three solstices, that is winter, equinox and summer lines; and eleven or twelve hour indicators at equal distance from another. The first real use of sundials was in the Hellenistic period and they were used intensely in the succeeding periods as well such as Byzantinian and Otoman periods. According to the philosophers in antiquity time starts with Khaos. Time meant concepts such as day and night,monts,years and seasons for the man lived in antiquity. The man lived in antiquity divided the day into three: mornig, afternoon and night. The daily work had to be scheduled according to the sun. In general the man in this period got up before sunrise and stopped working before sunset. While farmers worked hard in seed and harvest times, people living in cities adjust their work schedules according to the sunlight as much as possible. Men used to work out side and women used to look after their children of the preschool age and to the housework Husbend and wife shared the bed at night but they could also lie together at siesta time in the Roman period.