The antimicrobial effects of clove and ginger extracted materials against some gram positive and negative bacteria isolated from oral cavity instead of using synthetic antibiotics

Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem which have a dangerous and hazardous effects on people especially in the next generations who will faced many other modified species of microorganisms that has a complex structure and difficult to kill by classic sterilization methods. Antibiotics began to lose their effects because of the wrong way of using it, or a high doses taken through the treatment course that will make bacteria more resistant to its effects. On the other hand, many plants have some effective chemical compounds in their leaves, crops, and roots. These compounds can be extracted and used as antibacterial agents instead of synthetic antibiotics. Since clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts demonstrate a high activity in treating many oral infection from the pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis & Escherichia coli), this study conducted to compare the effectiveness of these natural plant extracts (water, alcohol, essential oil) with the standard synthetic antibiotics against oral isolated bacteria from 120 swab samples of dental clinic patients of Mosul city in Iraq, in order to replace the traditional medicines with natural and healthy ones without side effects. The tested samples of patients who having dental infection caused by the studied bacteria were (21.6%) for male, and (13.3%) for female. And the results for using plant extracted materials in its treatment showed that clove essential oil more effective than its water and alcohol solutions, while the water and alcohol in ginger having high activity than its extracted oil.