The investigation of the cytoxic effects and mechanisms of royal jelly and 10-Hydroxy-2-Decanoic Acid (10-HDA) on healthy human skin cells

Natural and unnatural factors are used to delay skin aging and accelerate wound healing. Among these, the use of natural bee products has become prominent in recent years. Royal jelly is one of the most important of these products. Studies have determined that royal jelly has many functional pharmacological potentials such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, neurotrophic, antihypercholesterolemic activity and hepatoprotective, antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiallergic and anti-aging. Thanks to these biological activities, it is evaluated in many areas such as the food industry, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Research has shown that 10-hydroxy-2 decanoic acid (10-HDA), which is included in the composition of royal jelly, is the most important active biological component of royal jelly. It is known that freeze-dried royal jelly contains approximately 3.5% of 10-HDA and is a stable component in the lyophilized product. 10-HDA has been reported to have a delaying effect on tissue aging and as a potent inhibitory agent of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that cause various inflammatory diseases. In this thesis study, the cytotoxic effects and mechanisms of Royal Jelly and 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA) on healthy human skin cells were investigated. The study was conducted using fresh royal jelly obtained from the Bursa region and 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA) purchased in pure lyophilized form. The effect of royal jelly and 10-hydroxy decanoic acid on cell viability was determined by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method, and based on the results, the dose and treatment duration were determined to be used in other analyses. A monolayer wound healing experiment was carried out to determine the cell migration and cell-cell interactions of the applied active ingredient and royal jelly. Finally, the effect of 10-HDA and royal jelly application on HaCaT cells on the expression of 5 genes (P53, CDH1, Twist1, VIM, FGF), which are known to be important in wound healing processes and the metastasis phase of the cells, was analyzed using Real-Time PCR. In line with the findings, it has been revealed that fresh royal jelly and 10-hydroxy-2 decanoic acid (10-HDA) do not have a cytotoxic effect on human healthy keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, and their use in certain doses increases cell migration by affecting the transcription of some genes. In addition, it is thought that royal jelly and 10-HDA acid will enable the use of natural products as an alternative to synthetic drugs in drug development studies for the treatment of physiological processes such as wound healing and cellular aging, through further in-vivo and in vitro analyses.