Determination of biological properties of AgNP obtained using Arachis hypogaea and biochemical content of the plant

Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important crop grown in Turkey, the USA, and worldwide and is mainly grown in the Mediterranean region. A. hypogaea, which develops in a pod containing one underground pod and two seeds from the pea family, has a thin brownish rind. It is widely grown in warm climates and has short-lived yellow flowers. Most of the peanuts grown globally are used for oil production, peanut butter, confectionery, and snack products. Peanut, which has some advantages over other seed plants, is especially rich in fatty acids. For this purpose, peanuts from Osmaniye province were used as the primary material in our study. Nanoparticles are used in a wide variety of fields in today's scientific world. One of the essential studies in these areas is antibiotic studies, as they cause lethal effects on microorganisms. In addition to the formation of nanoparticles by plants through the green synthesis of various metals, scientific studies mainly focused on solar nanoparticles. In this study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with seeds and shells of the A. hypogaea plant was carried out. Synthesized AgNPs; were analyzed for antimicrobial activity, anti-quorum sensing, anti-biofilm, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. With this, various tests have also determined the nutritional content of Osmaniye peanut seed. For the purpose of antimicrobial activity analysis, 22 microorganisms were used in the study. As a result; It has been determined that fresh, raw and roasted peanuts have different biochemical contents from each other in terms of carbohydrate, fatty acid and protein contents. The material with the highest carbohydrate, fatty acid and protein content was determined as wet peanut. Statistically significant differences were found in the antimicrobial activities of the Peanut seeds and shells and AgNPs synthesized green (p<0.05). Chromobacterium violaceum used in the study was the microorganism in which AgNPs showed the highest antimicrobial activity. However, the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs on C. violaceum showed that it was in anti-quorum sensing activity in the results. AgNPs synthesized green with Peanut and Shell caused statistically significant differences in terms of Anti-QS (p<0.05). While the zone diameters of AgNPs synthesized green with green, raw, and roasted peanut seeds at a concentration of 2.5 μl/ml were 19.2 mm, 18.6 mm and 19.4 mm, respectively, AgNPs synthesized green with peanut shell they are 16.8mm, 16.8mm and 14.8mm respectively. In addition, it was determined that AgNPs used in the study caused approximately 50% inhibition on specific biofilm formations of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It has been determined that these synthesized AgNPs do not pose a risk in terms of cytotoxicity in living organisms when applied at certain doses. In this context, lethal dose (LD50) of AgNPs were determined and cytotoxicity was found to be quite high at 5 μl/ml and 2.5 μl/ml concentrations. Especially considering that microorganisms show very high levels of resistance to antibiotics or other agents today, the use of these materials, which are both inexpensive and effective, can be considered for the pharmaceutical industry or other fields.