The example of Zemahsherî's work titled al-Unmûzec and its commentaries in the context of the relationship between the founding text and commentary in the Arabic syntax

Commentary (serh) culture and attribution have a great place in the history of Islamic science and constitute a part of the scientific resources. Many commentaries have been written on texts containing different subjects. Many people, especially the student of Zemahseri, Diyâuddîn al-Mekkî, wrote commentary on al-Unmûzec, which constitutes the subject of our study and is a text of syntax. When we look at the relationship between the text and commentary in the context of al-Unmûzec and its commentaries, al-Unmûzec needs commentary as it is a concise work. Accordingly, the commentators played an active role in subjects such as definition, produce a witness (istaishad), sampling, presentation of different opinions, clean speech (irab) and make up an excuse (ta'lîl) and made some contributions to the founding text. Definitions, which constitute an important issue in syntax science, have been partially expressed in al-Unmûzec and partially not mentioned. The undefined terms were completed by the commentators, some definitions were analyzed and their strength was measured when necessary. The definitions found to be erroneous by some commentators were objected and a correct definition was provided as much as possible. The commentators took an analyst approach by making interventions not only in definitions but also in the text of al-Unmûzec in a literal and intellectual context. These attitudes of the commentators have both been completed by al-Unmûzec and contributions have been made as a result of an analytical approach to the science of syntax. The text of witnessing elements such as Qur'anic verses, hadith, poetry and Arabic speech, which are additionally used in commentary, has been enriched. In addition, additional information is provided to the reader by using examples to understand the text. Some commentators, who dealt with syntax issues from a holistic perspective, created a richness of content by citing different views on a subject in tradition. Some commentators have demonstrated a text-centered method. Besides, the fact that the nahiv rules, which we call ta'lîl (make up an excuse), are not included in the founding text, are placed on a rational basis and the practice of clean speech (irab) made in order for the reader to understand the founding text more easily, are also a contribution provided by the commentators. Commentaries were written for common purposes such as understanding, analyzing and correcting the deficiencies of the founding text, as well as for different purposes. Factors such as meeting the needs of the social environment, dealing with different aspects of the same text, and missing commentaries or commentaries previously written on the same text have enabled more than one commentary to be written on the same text. Considering the content of the commentaries, although some commentaries written in later periods make use of the previous commentaries, there are also commentaries written in an original style and content. Keywords: Zemahsherî, al-Unmûzec, Text, Commentary, Commentator