Synthesis of silver nanoparticles, characteristics and assessment of anti-cancer activity in vitro with aronia fruit extract (Aronia melanocarpa)

Metal Nanoparticles (NPs) have applications in fields such as health, food and environment. Today, there is an increasing need to develop environmentally friendly and low-cost processes that do not use toxic chemicals in synthesis protocols. In this study, green synthesis, characterization and anticancer activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in extracts of Aron (A), Galijenka (G), Nero (N) and Viking (V) varieties of Aronia (Aronia Melanacarpa) plant were investigated. In the first part of the study, AgNPs were synthesized with fruit extracts of Aronia species. Characterizations of successfully synthesized AgNPs Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Dynamic Light Scattering Spectroscopy (EDX) and its effects on cell viability were investigated on the cisplatin-sensitive cell line A2780 and the other on cisplatin-resistant AD-A2780 cell lines. According to the data obtained, AgNPs synthesized from the V type decreased the viability of cisplatin-sensitive cells by 20%, although AgNPs showed A, G and N activity at a concentration of 400 µg/ml in the study conducted with the A2780 cell line, which is a cisplatin-sensitive cell line . In the study conducted with the cisplatin-resistant AD-A2780 cell line, AgNPs synthesized from all species at a concentration of 400 µg/ml showed activity by reducing the viability of cisplatin-resistant cells below 20%. There is no study in the literature that synthesized from the study plant in this way and its activity. In addition, phenolic compounds of methanol/dichloromethane (1:1) extracts of fruits belonging to Aron (A), Galijenka (G), Nero (N) and Viking (V) varieties were investigated by LC-MS/MS. Chlorgenic acid is the most abundant phenolic compound in all fruits. The extracts were tested in the MCF7 (breast cancer) and A2780 (ovarian cancer) cancer cell line using the MTT method. For the MCF7 cell line, for the A, N and V varieties, the cell viability was reduced below 50% at a concentration of 400 µg/ml, and the extract prepared from the G variety did not show activity. For the A2780 cell line, A, G and N varieties reduced cell viability below 50% at 400 µg/ml, while the extract prepared from the V variety did not show activity.