Investigation of the role of ARPC1A gene in the development of periodontitis

Periodontitis occurs as a result of host immune response; It is an inflammatory disease characterized by soft and hard tissue destruction. Periodontitis is a disease with a high risk of recurrence due to its chronic structure, which, if not treated in a timely manner, causes loss of attachment of the periodontal ligament that supports the teeth, tooth loss and apical migration of the junctional epithelium. It is essential for basic physiological processes such as cell migration, development, tissue repair, and immune responses. The importance of coordinated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in immune and hematological cells is emphasized by various diseases in humans in which this process is impaired. Many diseases have been associated with abnormalities in the cytoskeleton and proteins. Periodontitis is thought to be one such cytoskeletal disease. ARPC1A is a member of the actin-related protein ARP2/3 complex family. The ARPC1A gene encodes the p41 subunit of the human Arp2/3 complex, which is involved in the control of actin polymerization in cells. There are many literature studies showing that ARPC1A plays a role in cell migration. In this study, the relationship of ARPC1A gene actin cytoskeleton regulator in perodontitis, an inflammatory disease, was investigated. Adherent gingival tissue samples with periodontitis were obtained from 20 patients who were diagnosed with periodontitis, who applied for tooth extraction due to advanced tooth support tissue loss due to periodontitis, after the teeth with an indication for tooth extraction were extracted, from the areas that needed soft tissue correction. For the control group tissue samples, healthy gingival samples were taken from the same patient in the presence of indication for resective gingival surgery. RT-PCR analysis was performed for the expression of ARPC1A gene at the mRNA level in periodontitis tissue. According to the data obtained at the end of the study, when the expression level of ARPC1A gene in periodontitis tissue was compared with normal tissue, it was determined that there was an increase in periodontitis tissue, but this increase (p=0.433, value p>0.05) was not statistically significant.