Art policies and strategies in Istanbul's public space

Art Policies and Strategies in Istanbul's Public Space The present study starts with the definition of Jürgen Habermas' intensely discussed concept of public space as it is an area that is open to all individuals, irrespective of their gender, race, ethnicity, age, or socioeconomic status, where there are equal conditions between them, and the discussions are actualized in a safe and comfortable environment. It is vital to understand the public space notion and its worldwide history that resonates significantly with structural transformation of democratic society. In this context, collective interaction and cohesion encounters a significant manner of cultural development. Habermas defines the public sphere as the space where private individuals engage in reasoning, debate, and public opinion-forming activities on common concerns. Salons and coffeehouses were the spaces where publicity emerged. The existence, functions, and development of these places are vital for the existence of public space. Public art forms cultural identity and collective memory, engages people with their environment and addresses social issues. Moving art beyond traditional spaces like museums and galleries and into public areas like parks and streets enhances community development and meets the public's artistic needs more effectively. After September 1980, Turkish art market formations changed, leading to new exhibition practices. Diverse artistic approaches in public spaces are needed, especially in Istanbul. In this context, both the public and the authorities have a great role in the development of art in the public space. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of contemporary art practices in Istanbul by offering valuable insights into the dynamic interactions between art, public spaces, and institutional frameworks by examining the approaches, strategies and exhibition practices implemented in Istanbul's public space through local authorities, private institutions, and events such as the Istanbul Biennials. The thesis examines art exhibitions within art centers established by local authorities, since they are open to the public, and thus become public spaces. Keywords: Public Space, Art in Public Space, Public Art Exhibition, Istanbul