An approach for adaptation of European Union energy performance of buildings directive for existing hotel building in Turkey

All over the world, many academic and scientific studies are being conducted in order to find solutions to the problems of natural resources facing, increasing energy consumption and exhaustion with increasing population and developing technology reasons. In recent years in Turkey, developments in the field of energy efficiency, building energy performance, renewable energy systems, sustainability and recycling are being recorded due to the EU harmonization process and the criteria to be provided in this process and increasing awareness in the society. The Building Energy Performance Directive (EPBD) was published by the European Union (EU) in 2002 to increase the energy performance of buildings, with the aim of developing national building energy performance calculation methods for all member and candidate countries and by evaluating the energy performances of all new and existing buildings , the minimum level of energy determined by the standards and the certificate of energy identity. With this revised directive in 2010, it was imperative to optimize global costs as well as new energy efficiency targets and requirements. This process, which started with the Energy Efficiency Law in 2007, continued with the Building Energy Performance Regulation in 2008 and in 2009, the 'National Energy Performance in Turkey' method was developed in accordance with the Turkish standard for the simple hourly method recommended in the EN standard. The developed calculation model, while not performing detailed dynamic analysis, regards dynamic effects as specific, depending on the building function, and adds account with reference values. Because of this simplification and acceptance, this method can not accurately assess the energy performance and greenhouse gas emission quantities of buildings with complex thermal zones, such as 4 stars and 5 stars buildings, that have many different thermal zones. In addition to all these developments, after the 1980s, the tourism sector started to work for sustainable destinations and tourism. In the sustainable tourism development report published by the United Nations World Tourism Organization in 2013, it is estimated that tourism structures contribute 5% to the current carbon emissions that the destruction of climatic changes and solid and liquid wastes in the correct way will lead to local land and water pollution, causing it to run out quickly. In the fourth and last section of the "Global Sustainable Tourism Council Destination Criteria" published after the report, it is aimed to measure, monitor, reduce, report to the public the greenhouse gas emissions, energy and water consumption of the enterprises under the heading "To Duplicate Benefits to the Environment and Reduce Negative Impacts" and a structure that encourages the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels. In our country, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism promotes the reduction of consumption of energy, water and environmentally harmful substances, increasing energy efficiency, promoting the use of renewable energy resources, planning and realization of environmentally conscious accommodation from the investment stage of the establishment, "Green Star" was put into effect with the aim of providing awareness about ecological architecture, environmental awareness, education and cooperation with relevant institutions and organizations. In this thesis, while sectoral energy consumption constitutes 35% of total energy consumption in Turkey, which is the third most touristic country in the world, energy demand and consumption behaviors which differ according to building typology, hotel buildings having the highest consumption share are detailed, an approach has been developed to adapt the "Building Energy Performance Directive (EPBD)" for Hotel Buildings to the conditions of Turkey in order to improve the energy and cost efficiency, reduce the environmental and economic effects. The approach is unique in its ability to deliver optimum solution through comparison by evaluating energy and cost efficiency at the same time considering sectoral, climatic, technological and economic national conditions when the literature research detailed in the present works about the problem is evaluated in detail. The thesis contains the following sections in general terms: Section 1: Explaining the purpose of the thesis, the original value, the scope and the literature search, the problem, the necessities, the requirements and the targets, Section 2: Determination and disclosure of parameters affecting building energy performance, Section 3: Explaining the approach of adapting the EPBD method to increase the energy and cost efficiency of existing hotel buildings to Turkish conditions: The calculation method according to the EPBD consists of the basic steps of determining the optimum energy performance level by determining the reference building, determining the minimum energy performance requirements, converting the total building energy consumption to the primary energy type, calculating the global cost and evaluating cost with energy simultaneously (EPBD,2010). However, since the reference building which best represents the characteristics of the existing buildings and new buildings to be built in the country is not yet defined in Turkey, the approach in the thesis is to use energy and cost effective improvement of the existing hotel stock by using detailed simulation tool and calculator by way of comparison of the findings. Section 4: Analysis of the energy and cost optimization packages through the test building for the control of the proposed approach and disclosure of its findings: In order to check the feasibility of the approach, the energy and cost analyzes of hot and humid, mild-dry and cold climate regions of seasonal and yearly working conditions in accordance with the default tourism category of the selected test hotel building and the simultaneous comparison of findings, the energy performance is highest and the most economical improvement alternative is determined in detail. Section 5: Examination of the findings obtained by the application of the method in the previous section: The application of the method to hotel buildings in different climatic zones and the cost parameters for optimal energy efficiency improvement vary. According to these findings, the translucent solar crusher (s10), which reduces the solar gains for the hot and humid climate region in summer and spring, is the most effective parameter. Section 6: Announcement of conclusions and suggestions related to the approach: The approach put forward within the scope of the thesis reveals that it is possible to reach energy and cost effective optimum solutions by providing thermal and visual comfort conditions for hotel buildings in Turkey based on the findings obtained from the analyzes made. Improvements have been made on the tested building at different rates according to different climate zones and activity schedules. By using this approach, it is possible to achieve the targets of "Zero Energy" with the improvement of energy and cost effective existing hotels located in Turkey, suggested improvement alternatives and integrated renewable energy systems. Increasing the economic incentives for hotels with 'Green Star' certificates, where renewable energy systems are used, will increase the interest and prestige of investors and therefore users. The legal, economic, technical and social obstacles in front of the improvement of the buildings are interdependent and holistic solutions need to be developed. As a result, in our country, "Everybody wins if the country wins" understanding must be established.