Cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the patient-centered rehabilitation scale in outpatient rehabilitation patients

This study aimed to adapt the 'Client-Centred Rehabilitation Questionnaire (CCRQ)', originally developed in Canada to assess client-centred rehabilitation approaches, into Turkish and to examine its validity and reliability among outpatient rehabilitation patients. The Turkish version of the questionnaire was named CCRQ-Tr. The cross-cultural adaptation process was conducted in accordance with international guidelines, including translation, back-translation, and expert panel review. After cultural adaptation, CCRQ-Tr was administered to 210 outpatients with various diagnoses. In the exploratory factor analysis, eight initial factors were identified. However, due to structural inconsistencies, items 7, 14, and 30 were removed, and a revised analysis yielded a seven-factor structure explaining approximately 60.5% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable model fit with the following indices: χ²/df=1.92, RMSEA=0.066, SRMR=0.047, CFI=0.86, and TLI=0.84. These results supported the structural validity of the revised model. The overall internal consistency of the questionnaire (Cronbach's α = 0.92) and its test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC] = 0.992) were found to be high. Content validity was evaluated through expert ratings, with a scale-level average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.977. Overall, the Turkish version of the CCRQ (CCRQ-Tr) is a valid, reliable, and structurally sound instrument for assessing patient-centred rehabilitation experiences in outpatient settings. It can be effectively employed in both clinical practice and research to monitor service quality and patient experience in Turkey.