The detection of impuritties in nanoscale and physico-chemical changes occuring in refined stages of sunflower oil

ABSTRACT M.Sc. Thesis THE DETECTION OF IMPURITIES in NANOSCALE and PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES OCCURING in REFINED STAGES OF SUNFLOWER OIL Tuğba KARAYİĞİT Afyon Kocatepe University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Erman DUMAN In this study, the crude oil in the refining stage of sunflower oil obtained from sunflower seed processed in Turkey, neutralization, bleaching, winterization and deodorization steps, at each of its physicochemical properties and nanoscale for the detection of impurities, free fatty acid value, peroxide value, refractive index value, viscosity, color determination, saponification and saponification analysis, sterol analysis, fatty acid composition, mineral matter analysis and SEM analysis were performed. Acidity, peroxide number, refractive index, viscosity, color, number of soaps, number of saponification and saponification, sterol, fatty acid composition, mineral matter and SEM analysis were measured. When the refining phase was completed, acidity, peroxide number, refractive index, viscosity values were 0,05 mgKOH/g, peroxide number 8,40 meqO2/kg, refractive index 1,48 nD, viscosity 61,80 mPa, soap number 0, saponification number, 74 m/m and the non-saponifying material was calculated as 0,79% g/kg. Fatty acid composition, saturated fatty acids in the final stage of refining was determined as 10,01%, monounsaturated fatty acids 25,12% and polyunsaturated fatty acids 64,88%. In the analysis of mineral matter Li, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, As, Se, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pt, Pb are the minerals detected, Mg, Si, P, Mn, Cu, Ga and Ag were determined in all stages of refining. 2018, xi + 78 pages Keywords: Heliantus Annuus, Sunflower Oil, Vegetable Food Oil, Refining, Nanotechnology, SEM Analysis.