Evaluation of clinical, molecular and cytogenetic featuresin children with acute leukemia in Aydin

Purpose: It was aimed to evaluate the epidemic, clinical, laboratory, cytogenetic, prognostic characteristics and treatment results of cases diagnosed with acute leukemia in our center. Patients and Method: 70 cases of acute leukemia diagnosed between January 2010 and January 2021 in Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty Hospital Pediatric Hematology Department were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 62 patients with sufficient file information and continuing their follow-up in our center were included in the study. In the study, age, gender, complaints, physical examination findings, whole blood and biochemistry values, bone marrow evaluation results, risk groups, Hemovision translocation panels, presence of tumor lysis syndrome, treatment protocol, relapse, ex status of the cases were examined. Results: While 75.8% (n=47) of 62 cases were ALL, 19.4% (n=12) were AML, 4.8% (n=3) were biphenotypic. Considering the subgroup evaluation in ALL cases, the most common pre-B-cell ALL was detected. On the other hand, in AML cases, in the subgroup evaluation, it was seen that the AML M2 subgroup had the highest rate. It was determined that ALL patients were more pancytopenic, and AML patients were more bicytopenic. Hemovision translocation screening panel was positive in 55.6% (n=14) of the patients studied. At their last visit, 11.3% (n=7) of the cases died; 88.7% (n=55) are being followed as disease-free according to their evaluations. Of the seven patients who died, four died due to progression of refractory disease, three due to refractory disease and sepsis. In all leukemia cases, the cumulative survival rate was 91.4±4.2% in the first year and 87.2±4.6% in the second year and following years. The first year survival rate of ALL cases was 93.1±3.9%; It was 82.5±11.3% of AML cases. Conclusion: Acute leukemia is the most common malignant disease group in childhood, it constitutes 25-30% of childhood cancers. Leukemia is a disease with multifactorial etiology and its diagnosis is made by bone marrow examination. Other examinations are performed to determine the prognosis and treatment regimen of the disease. With the protocols given in recent years, survival rates have been increased significantly and side effects have been considerably reduced compared to the past. In some studies in the recent years, there is an increase in 5-year survival rates. In order to give appropriate chemotherapy regimen to patients with acute leukemia, it is important to study the cytogenetic features quickly and to evaluate the risk immediately.