Two concepts with their divergent and similar aspects: Atheism and deism

Deism can be defined as believing in the existence of God but rejecting his other attributes, while atheism can be defined as denying all metaphysical entities, including God. Even though deism and atheism are perceived as different schools at first glance, it is observed that there is a belief in God in deism, and an idea of atheism in atheism. Although they appear as different schools, deism and atheism are combined at many points. The God claimed by deism has no function other than creating the universe and putting it at the service of man. In other words, the God has no communication with the person. Therefore, there are no orders, suggestions or prohibitions. It is not possible for a God without orders and prohibitions to call somebody account. Deism's belief in the afterlife seems to be problematic just like atheism. As for atheism, he pushed aside all these detours and rejected the idea of a creative being from the very beginning. For this reason, it is important for social sciences to reveal the points where both thought structures meet and diverge. It is known that the idea of deism, which emerged as a rebellion against Christian rituals in the medieval western world, formed a social structure that later turned into atheism. In this study, especially the reasons for the emergence of deism and atheism, their doctrines, theories of existence and their similarities and divergences in the parts of their social life will be examined. It is thought that this study will make important contributions to social sciences, considering the fact that people who adopt a secular lifestyle in our century are turning to deism and then to atheism. In this sense, the definitions of deism and atheism made by scientists in the western world, the history of deizm and ateizm, and the perspectives of today's people and early deists will be evaluated. It is clear that the subject is important in terms of determining the source of the tendencies towards deism and atheism observed in the researches carried out especially in the Islamic geography. Although the subject of deism and atheism is a subject of philosophy, it is one of the issues that are discussed and sensitively emphasized in the science of Kalam in terms of their aspects reflected in belief. As a matter of fact, it is seen that the tendencies towards deism and atheism have been examined in the topics under the main title of "Contemporary Faith Problems" written in recent years. Keywords: Kalam, Faith, Islam, Deism, Atheism.