Measuring – expropriation problems and solve suggetions on the dam and irrigation projects

One of the most important needs of human being-life is Water. The Water has been used for ages, agriculture, industry and technology for a long time besides human needs. Water is also one of the most important sources for sustainable development at the same time. Increasing world population, rising standards of life and distorted natural balance have further increased the need for water. For these reasons, the need for people to benefit more from water resources, the need to control these resources and storage need have revealed. Therefore, the flow direction of the water has been changed, sets, dams, ponds and hydroelectric facilities have been constructed in front of the water resources. Along with the rapid progress of technology, the possibilities have increased even more and this situation has caused the dams made in front of the resources to increase rapidly. Any negativity that may emerge over time in critical engineering constructions like dams, can sometimes turn into a disaster for the people living in the dam and its immediate vicinity and can cause serious damage to the country's economy. For this reason, such engineering constructions are tried to be monitored from the construction, and possible changes and deformations are tried to be determined by using geodetic and non-geodetic measurement techniques.Dams are the most important of the large water structures that many professional disciplines jointly work and produce, which are obligatory to take into consideration the technologies that engineering measures must be applied with precision and developing technologies. Today, it is inevitable to find specialized occupational disciplines in the stages of planning, projecting, construction and operation of dams, which are important investments according to the conditions of the country. Map Engineering, which is a profession discipline, has to be in all of these stages. Measuring studies that started at the stage of the establishment of the Current - Observation station at least thirty years before the project phase of a dam; continues until the basis of the project of the dam, the receipt of numerical preliminary maps, the application of drilling and research wells to be projected again, calculation of the amounts of the fill zones forming the dam body at the cross sections, projecting of transportation and material transportation routes, extraction of excavation and fill amounts, construction of the project with the minimum error according to the criteria and the implementation of the expropriation process, determining the amount of monthly progress payments, deformation measurements at operating phase completion of dam construction and completion of dam duration with hydrographic measurements stages.In this study;planning, Project designing and construction stage of dam, pond and irrigataion projects, completion of dam construction, measurement and expropriation Works during in operational phase, along with problems faced at this stage and solution offers have been examined. At the field studies, TUTGA points (namely ERZR, UDER,KRS1, HORS) approved by directorate generalof land registry and cadastre and general command of cartography are used. Static measurement between C3 triangulation points established by General Directorate for State Hydraulic Works and TUTGA points was made with at least 4 satellite and 2 hours of session. During the desk studies of the acquired data,broken signals were cleaned out and removed from the network. By doing triangulation clodes area was made and points which are out of approval boundaries were taken out of the network and excluded from the measurements. The fact that cadastral map sheets are graphics and not numerical are the mail problems faced in the dam projects carried out by DSİ. In addition to this, due to the facet that there are so many properties affected by the units of the dams, expropriation Works are delayed and problems are experienced with the citizens in the field.This prolongs the processof benefıtting from the projects in which puplic interest desicion in being rendered. As a solution, cadastral directorates should carry out renewal Works in accordance with the article 22 a of cadastral law number 3402.All kind of changes on the dams caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and landslides should be examined examined in time. In other words, deformation measurements must be carried out. If the changes are not monitored, this will give rise to immense destruction, loss of life and property. As a solution offer, data acquired from mesasurement and monitoring systems should be analysed. İn this context, different methods should be applied by taking the charecteristics of each dam into consideration, data should be analysed in depth. For dams which has a higher risk rate, actions to be taken in short, medium and long term should be determined and hidrographic measurements should be carried out in all dams as part of a program.