Başyukarı kuyu açma makinaların performans tahmini için saha ve laboratuvar çalışmaları

Excavation of shafts and other vertical structures in mining and civil engineering fields for material and human transportation and ventilation purposes is a difficult and dangerous job taking quite long time. Raise boring provides a safe means of excavating shafts between two levels of underground structures without using explosives. A raise boring machine (RBM) operates by the principle of first drilling a small diameter pilot hole and then, reaming the hole in one or more stages to the desired size. Raise boring system is the most up-to-date, secure and fast way for boring large diameter shafts. RBM creates a hole with smooth walls which usually does not require lining. The hole is more stable than a drilled and blasted raise and has better air flow, making it ideal for ventilation raises. In addition RBM can safely be used in areas of geological sensitivity. One of the applications of raise boring machines in Turkey was realized in Eti Copper Kure Asikoy underground mine located at Kastamonu to excavate a ventilation shaft between the levels 660 m and 630 m having a length of 22 m and excavation diameter of 2.6 m. This thesis describes an analysis of the raise boring performed, and gives suggestions on how to optimize the raise boring. The analysis is made in two parts, a laboratory analysis and an analysis of the excavation. The laboratory analysis investigates the physical, mechanical and petrographical property of sample which collected from mine. In addition linear cutting tests are performed to find out samples cuttability and relationships between cutting performances of cutters with different cutting depth, and maximum tool forces. The analysis of excavation concerns the achieved penetration rates, thrust force, and cutterhead torque and the factors influencing these parameters. At the last section of the thesis, excavation performance parameters of RBM such as thrust, torque, and penetration rate theoretically estimated based on the experimental results. Then, the realized and predicted values compared to serve a useful guide for future applications. The findings of the study showed that the two basic concepts of rock cutting mechanics could be used to estimate the performance of raise boring machines. Thrust force and torque values could be formulated using the parameters that are a function of the rock compressive strength, the number of inserts in contact with the face for a given time and the projectile area of each insert. Another important point emerging from this study is that field specific energy obtained for TBMs and RBMs is very closely related for a given penetration and in rocks having similar strength values. This interrelationship will permit to use immense accumulated data for TBM applications in different projects for predicting the performance of RBMs.