Phenological, morphological and pomological characteristics of some pistachio genotypes

This study was carried out to determine the phenological, morphological and pomological characteristics of 23-year-old 11 pistachio genotypes grafted on Pistacia vera L. rootstock at the Pistachio Research Institute Dr. Ahmet Münir BİLGEN centre in Gaziantep in 2017 and 2018. In the study, Kırmızı, Ohadi, Kerman varieties were used as control and 5 plants from each genotype. As a result of the observations, SEL-4, SEL-5, SEL-6, SEL-8 and SEL-10 were strong varieties compared to standard varieties. Leaf sizes and shapes showed differences according to genotypes. The first flowering observed between 23 March and 1 April in 2018, while Pistachio genotypes completed their flowering between 1 April and 12 April. Fruit ripening ranged between 10 September-01 October in 2017 and 10 September-30 September in 2018. Yield per tree had varied by years based on periodicityand ranged from 0.37 kg to 8.36 kg in 2017 and from 0.78 kg to 11.83 kg in 2018. Fruit bunchand shell sizes and characteristics changed according to genotypes. The highest average fruit weight was obtained from SEL-2 (1.28 g and 1.16 g) genotype in the two year of the experiment. The lowest empty fruit ratio was determined in SEL-6 genotype (1.33%) in the first year and SEL-12 genotype (1.33%) in the second year, while the ratio of cracked fruit was observed over 90% in SEL-4, SEL-12 and SEL-13. The highest protein ratio was obtained from SEL-16 genotype with 18.83% in 2017, SEL-15 with 20.31%, Kerman with 20.38% and Red variety with 20.46%. The highest fat ratios were determined to be 55.95% (SEL -10) in the first year and 49.10% (SEL-6) in the second year.