Different applications to improve the embryo quality on stimulation of embryo by anther culture in some pepper genotypes

ABSTRACTMSc THESISDIFFERENT APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE THE EMBRYOQUALITY ON STIMULATION OF EMBRYO BY ANTHERCULTURE IN SOME PEPPER GENOTYPESHatıra TAŞKINDEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTUREINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF CUKUROVASupervisor : Prof. Dr. Saadet BÜYÜKALACAYear : 2005, Page :72Jury : Prof. Dr. Saadet BÜYÜKALACAProf. Dr. Kazım ABAKProf. Dr. Şebnem ELLİALTIOĞLUThis study was carried out at the Vegetable Research and Application Area and the TissueCulture Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, the Faculty of Agriculture, the University ofÇukurova from 2003 to 2005. Three times self-pollinated five pepper genotypes tolerant genotypes(A71, A269, and A313), medium-tolerant one (A109), and intolerant one (A74) to lower temperaturesderived from a joint study between our department and Alata Horticultural Research Institute wereemployed in the present study. The four different culture media were studied. The anthers werecultured at different periods in order to determine the highest embryo stimulation and haploid plantregeneration in the studied five genotypes. Moreover, the embryos which were not able to completetheir growth in the culture medium were placed in a medium containing 0.5 mg/l abscisic acid for 10days in order to determine the effect of abscisic acid on embryo maturation.At the end of the study, it was determined that both embryo development and haploid plantdevelopment varied based on genotype, anther cultivation period, and culture medium. The highestembryo yield was obtained from A269, one of the tolerant genotypes to low temperature. The antherscultured from April to May gave the most yielding results compared to the other periods. The moreembryos were obtained from the third medium (Murashige and Skoog + 30 g/l sakaroz + 0.25 %active coal + 15 mg/l silver nitrate + 4 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid + 1 mg/l benzyl amino purin) andthe forth medium (modified Murashige and Skoog + 30 g/l sakaroz + 0.25 % active coal + 15 mg/lsilver nitrate + 4 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid + 0.1mg/l benzyl amino purin) compared to the others.There was no positive effect of abscisic acid on the mature embryos. Haploid plants were recovered inthe Murashige and Skoog medium having no hormone.Key words : Pepper, anther culture, embryo quality