Physical geography of Berta (Okçular) stream basin

II ABSTRACT Ph. D. THESIS PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF BERTA (OKÇULAR) STREAM BASIN RAMAZAN SEVER Supervisor: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mustafa GİRGİN 2001-PAGE: 293 Jury: 1-Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mustafa GİRGİN 2-Prof. Dr. Hayati DO?ANAY 3-Doç. Dr. Ali UZUN 4-Doç. Dr. Hakkı YAZICI 5-Doç. Dr. Halil KOCA The aim of this study is investigates the physical geographical features of Berta (Okçular) stream basin with application of geography. Berta stream basin located in Eastern Black Sea section of Black Sea Rejion is within the borders of Artvin. The Basin characterized with a classical criterion based on water border is 1676 suguare kilometres and it is in a large stream category. The Basin, with its location between Black Sea Region and Eastern Anatolian Region is a junction in many respects. The structural and morfolojic evolution in the basid starts with Jurarassic and ettendsto Holocene, and there are no Paleozoic and Triassic old formation, volcono sedimentary interrelated formations surfaced in a narrow place by Upper Cretaceous, Eocene and Pliocene old volcanites. Although Post Alpine techtonic activities play a major role present morpholojic appearence, morphoclimatic condition which have been effective one after another come to the fore. Berta stream Basin, located between moist Black Sea Climate and East Anatolian continental climate is closer to Black Sea climate regarding meteorological parameters. Average yearly temperature is 10,2 °C and average yearly rainfall is 744 mm. The water of in the Berta Basin, locoted in the area of Çoruh River, is drained by Berta, Meydancık and Şavşat Streams. Those streams run throughout the year, but their regimes are irregular. Soil types in the Basen is classified in genetic classification. Nonlimely brown forest soils are the most common soils type in the zonal soils category. In the Basin, where intrazonal and azonal soils groups are limited. Podzolic brown forest soils also exist from place to place in the Upper parts of Göknar stream and Karagöl. Berta Stream Basin located in the colchic subarea of Black Sea Fitogeograpy Region has a rich plant cover. Therefore there are five steps in the places between Berta valley and upper places of Karçal and Yanlızçam mountains.