Pre and post processor software for nonlineer analysis of R/C buildings using opensees and application to Turkish earthquake code for buildings 2018

Since our country is in an area that is exposed to severe earthquakes, it is necessary to minimize the devastating effects of the earthquakes and the losses of life and properties. The most important way is to ensure the safety of the buildings against earthquakes. Especially the high and complicated buildings which have increased in the recent years; they have further revealed the importance of determining the earthquake behavior of the structures as close to reality as possible. In order to determine the earthquake's behavior of structures in TBDY2018 which is going to be new, much closer to the traditional methods, deformation-based design, and evaluation has been brought to the fore; it has become mandatory in some high and important structures. Thus, the structures will be analyzed in detail on the basis of nonlinear behavior under the real earthquakes, the elongation, and shortening of the material fibers will be calculated and the earthquake behavior of the structure will be determined. In this study, non - linear solutions were made in terms of material and geometry by taking into consideration the P - delta effects. In this study which was conducted as a MSC. thesis, pre and post processing programs were developed based on the evaluation of the structures by using OpenSees program. With this program, the shape changes under the actual earthquake effects of the new structures were calculated and compared with the limit values given in TBDY2018. As a result, the earthquake performance of the structures has been determined. As stated in TBDY2018 and in the OpenSees program, eleven earthquake acceleration records obtained from previous earthquakes were used. These acceleration records are scaled using the scaling program developed within the scope of this thesis as well as the scaling conditions indicated by the regulation. With TBDY2018 entered into force in Turkey's Earthquake Map Web Interface help with the ground class location will be the construction of the building, latitude, and longitude values and still belonging to the building by entering earthquake level coefficient information as defined in these regulations was obtained elastic design spectrum. Scaling was performed according to this target design spectrum. The selection of earthquake recordings suitable for the design spectrum of the building is very important. Scaling is known to be inaccurate if appropriate earthquake accelerations are not selected. In order to eliminate this error and to select the earthquake acceleration records appropriate to the design spectrum, the acceleration program obtained from the past earthquakes was loaded to the scaling program. Scaling program sorting records from top to bottom in the specified spectrum of design. In this study, eleven earthquake record pairs were selected and nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed with OpenSees program. The first part of the study is devoted to explaining the subject and the purpose and scope of the study are given. In the second part of the study, nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete structures is explained. Models of reinforced concrete materials are mentioned and concrete and reinforcement steel material models described in TBDY2018 are given. In this study, the development process for the fiber model which is used for the solution of the elasticity, is explained and analysis methods are used. These are displacement-based stiffness and force-based flexibility methods. Since the element formulation of the rigidity-based models is relatively easier than the flexibility-based models, the existing finite element programs use these models. In this study, Newton-Raphson method was used to solve non-linear equations. Formulations for generally accepted winding concrete and reinforcement steel models are given. In the third part of the study, the deformation-based design of the new buildings under TBDY2018 is explained in detail. In the TBDY2018, the terms of Building Use Class (BKS), Earthquake Design Class (DTS) and Earthquake Design Class (DTS) which are used to determine the calculation methods based on the design and evaluation of buildings, are explained in tables. Performance targets, evaluation, and design approaches for new reinforced concrete buildings are given according to earthquake design class. The controlled level of damage performance required for the DD-2 earthquake level corresponds to the level of safety performance level in TDY2007. The methods that are used in the design and evaluation of the new buildings will be discussed. In this study, the nonlinear solution method in time domain is explained in detail. Finally, nonlinear behavior models are mentioned, limit values for reinforcement steel, and concrete that correspond to performance levels are given. In the fourth part of the study, TDY2007 and TBDY2018 regulations were compared in terms of the design conditions of the structural systems of the reinforced concrete buildings under the effect of earthquake. There are four earthquake zones in TDY2007. These are given in the region based on the spectral acceleration coefficient of the earthquake (the closest to the fault). In TBDY2018, it is calculated separately for each structure depending on the soil characteristics (characteristic ground periods) and earthquake level coefficient. Thus, different earthquake effects were considered in the design for the structures that will be under the influence of different earthquakes. In addition, elastic cross-section stiffness's are used in TDY2007, while TBDY2018 features effective cracked section stiffness in design and decreases in stiffness due to the reduced stiffness. However, as the use of cracked section stiffness increases the increments, it is difficult to achieve the limit values. Thus, more rigid sections are used. A significant change is related to the areas of column ductility. At TBDY2018, the minimum field condition for high ductile columns with high normal force effect is increased. In the fifth part of the study, selection methods of earthquake records are explained. In this study, scaling program which is used in the solution of the samples and the examples were introduced. The conditions given for scaling in the context of TBDY2018 are mentioned and it has been shown how these conditions are handled by the developed program. An example is then shown on an example on how the design acceleration spectrum is obtained and how the current earthquake records are scaled according to this design acceleration spectrum. In the sixth part of the study, numerical examples are given. Initially, the scaling program written within the scope of this thesis was verified with the Sap2000 program by establishing a single degree of freedom system model to validate the scaling program. In this comparison, any earthquake acceleration record was scaled using the scaling program and the spectrum was generated. The spectral acceleration coefficient corresponding to any period value was then found in this spectrum. With the scaled acceleration loaded into the Sap2000 program, the time domain was analyzed and the maximum displacement was found and multiplied by w2 to obtain the spectral acceleration value. These two spectral acceleration values were compared and shown to be approximately the same. In the second example, the OpenSees program was compared to the Perform-3D program. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of the 8-storey reinforced concrete frame building with two programs was done by designing according to the mode assembly method. At the end of the analysis, the change of peak displacement according to time was found and compared with both programs. The values in both programs were close enough to each other. In the third example, the 7-storey reinforced concrete frame building was designed and dimensioned according to TDY2007 and TBDY2018. Then, by using the cross-section and reinforcements obtained as a result of the design, analysis and evaluation were made according to the deformation by TBDY2018 with OpenSees program for both designs. In the analyzes, 11 earthquake accelerations were used. As a result, the elongation and shortening values of the concrete and reinforcement steel for each of the eleven earthquake record sets for both cases were found and compared with the limit values found in TBDY2018. Thus, construction performance was determined and compared for both cases. In the seventh part of the study, the results were evaluated and recommendations were made.