Comparison of the effects of myelin associated glycoprotein values in tissue samples with the blood lymphocyte-monocyte ratios of patients with brain tumour on prognosis

AIM: Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of diseases that can present with high morbidity and mortality rates. Accurate evaluation of factors determining the biological behavior of tumors and patient prognosis is critically important for clinical management. Myelin Associated Glycoprotein (MAG) is a key biomolecule involved in maintaining the integrity of the nervous system, and its association with tumor progression and immune response has been investigated in recent studies. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of Myelin Associated Glycoprotein on prognosis in patients with brain tumors by comparing it with the Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, data were collected retrospectively from 47 patients. Demographic information, tumor type and localization, Glasgow Coma Scale scores, comorbidities, smoking status, lymphocyte and monocyte values, and Myelin Associated Glycoprotein levels were analyzed. Patients were selected according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and complete data were systematically recorded by reviewing file and laboratory records. LMR values were manually calculated using lymphocyte and monocyte results. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. RESULTS: The majority of the participants were female. The most common tumor type was metastatic tumors. Most participants exhibited mild levels of consciousness impairment, while the rate of severe consciousness loss was found to be low. The comorbidity rate was high, whereas the prevalence of smoking was low. A wide variation was observed between tumor size and LMR values, leading to differences in immune response levels. No significant differences were found in hematological parameters by gender, although monocyte levels were higher in males. Significant differences were observed in lymphocyte, monocyte, LMR, and MAG values across different tumor types. Lymphocyte levels varied significantly based on consciousness level, and monocyte levels varied according to smoking status. An inverse relationship was observed between LMR and MAG levels; additionally, tumor size tended to decrease with advancing age, and an increase in monocyte levels was associated with a decrease in LMR. CONCLUSION: In light of the findings, it can be suggested that LMR may serve as an indicator of immune system activity and may play an important role in prognosis evaluation in patients with brain tumors. Furthermore, it was concluded that LMR and MAG levels provide valuable information regarding the disease process. Keywords: Brain tumor, Iymphocyte to monocyte ratio, myelin associated glycoprotein, prognosis