Stephen Hawking's universe design in the context of the history of science

When Galileo moved the Earth to the superlunary universe, it was realized that the common laws were valid in both universes. When the metaphysical meaning attributed to Aristotle's superlunary universe disappeared, this field became the subject of physics. Similarly, Einstein's idea that time is relative led to the abandonment of the concept of absolute time. Later, Hawking and Penrose arrived at the idea that time had a beginning, along with the solution of the singularity problem. This idea proved that time did not exist before the beginning of the universe and provided proof for getting rid of the antinomy of pure reason expressed by Kant. With the discovery of quantum theory, it has become clear that we cannot know the future with a definite determination. As scientific activities progressed, we have seen that our own physical reality is moving towards an ontological uncertainty. In this research, it was shown through Hawking that we could get the physical reality through mental designs, and it is redefined the physical boundaries of the universe with mathematical concepts. In this way, the universe, which encodes the laws that determine our physical reality, has given a new meaning to our own existence. This existential meaning can be revealed by a mathematical design that encodes the laws of nature, but this design does not provide any evidence of why the universe behaves the way it does. This is a sign that Hawking, who applied to philosophy when necessary, did not have sufficient formation in this field. Hawking radiation, known as the energy loss of a black hole, is the result of combining general relativity and quantum mechanics. As a result of this unification attempt, the scientific criterion that Kuhn addressed in the context of the concept of paradigm has lost its validity. Because the paradigms, which Kuhn called incommensurability, evaporated and disappeared into the black hole. Keywords: Universe, Black Hole, Hawking, Singularity, Time