Selection of materials containing thermal loss and cost optimization

Increasing energy efficiency nowadays has strategic priorities for developed and developing countries. The economic and environmental impacts of the increase in energy demand are leading to an increase in energy efficiency awareness. The consumption of energy produced in the world at 35-40% of the level caused the energy efficiency of the buildings to be enacted by the countries with the help of rules and standards. The energy source, which is considered as the most basic entry of the sustainable economy, has an import dependency rate of 70-75% in Turkey. Efficient use of energy is essential to ensure energy supply safety. Countries set rules and standards to improve energy efficiency in their buildings. A large portion of the energy consumed in the buildings meets the need for heating energy. In the thesis study, the heat loss effects of the building components forming the outer shell are emphasized. "TS 825 Thermal Insulation Rules in Buildings" is used in heat loss calculations in Turkey. In the thesis study, thermal conductivity calculation values and heat loss amounts of the layers constituting the building components constituting the outer shell were calculated according to TS 825 standard. In the thesis study, in order to increase the energy efficiency of the buildings, it has been tried to optimize the insulation system of a sample building by reducing the heat lost from conveyance, conveyance and ventilation from the building exterior to the minimum and at this stage cost analysis of the building components constituting the building outer shell. "TS 825 Thermal Insulation Rules in Buildings" is used in heat loss calculations. The sample building used for the thesis work is located in Trabzon. For the Trabzon province, which is included in the 2nd group from the degree days determined in TS 825, the monthly average external temperature values and the monthly average internal gains and the coefficients and formulas to be used in solar energy gains are taken from TS 825. The cost information of the materials and workmanship used for the layers constituting the building components was obtained from market researches. According to the Energy Performance Regulation in Buildings published in 2008 in Turkey, principles and procedures have been determined for the efficient use of energy resources and for increasing the energy efficiency in the buildings. As time progresses, the energy efficiency issue will increase in importance. In this context, possible heat loss calculations are made in the buildings and the optimization problems that need to be solved by taking into account the costs of the building shell designs to which heat losses are minimized will be encountered. Three storey detached family house was used as a sample building in EZ study. In the optimization problem, the heating system was not included in the objective function, but after the heat loss-cost analyzes, the building components constituting the building outer shell were determined by present value analysis and the heating and maintenance costs expected in the future were taken into consideration. TS 825 stated the building components to be heat loss in the outer shell of the building as wall, floor, ceiling, window and door. In the thesis study, materials with different thermal conductivity calculation values for each layer constituting these structural components and the costs of different thickness conditions of these materials were determined and tried to solve the optmization problem with the help of genetic algorithm. According to this, firstly fifty thermal insulation systems were determined among hundreds of thousands of solution clusters and six of them were examined. Insulation systems where the heat loss is minimum and maximum and four heat insulation systems where the heat loss-cost balance is close to the optimum result are compared. In order to prevent the loss of heat, applicable materials and thickness options were tried to be determined and the role of heat loss in each of the layers constituting the building components was evaluated. It has been observed that all the layers of the building components that make up the outer shell of the building are effective in the heat loss of buildings. The building components of buildings have a growing role in heat loss according to the amount of space. It has been determined that the building component which is most effective in the heat loss of the example building is the wall. It is the most applicable thermal insulation system according to the heat loss-cost analysis of the wall material of the wall component and the glass wool of the insulation material to be applied on the wall at a thickness of 25cm and the thickness of 10cm of the insulation material is selected. However, in the base and ceiling construction components, the insulation material preferences should also be taken into account in the heat loss calculations. When window systems are selected, those with double glazing should definitely be preferred. In case the heat loss is close to the minimum and minimum in the case study, the gap between the glasses is determined as 16mm. It was determined that the solution clusters where the windows were single glazed were not able to meet the heating energy limit values specified by TS 825. The building location has been found to play a decisive role in the heat loss calculations of window areas. Window orientations determine the heat gains from sunlight. Selection of materials with low thermal conductivity values, considering their cost in all layers to reduce heat loss, is necessary to increase energy efficiency and reduce heat losses in buildings. Reducing buildings' heating energy needs has a direct impact on operating costs and should be considered one of the main topics of sustainable energy policies.