Ecovillages as an example of externatilty: comparison of Turkey and some of European countries

Externalities are considered as a market failure. The dimensions that externalities have reached today; it requires us to evaluate them globally and develop methods of internalizing them globally. Therefore, it was first included in our study that definitions of externality in the literature, classifications of externality and public and market-based solutions for internalization of externalities. In the modern age, which humanity has reached after approximately 250 years of industrialization, it is in problems that are getting harder to prevent day by day. The main complications are the climate crisis, the depletion of natural resources, drought, rapid population growth, increasing poverty, rural to urban migration and the exceeding urban capacities, the danger of food security. These problems are essentially the cumulative result of our external effects, which are our individual and simple economic behaviors. Life styles that do not have ecological concerns and are based on consumption; Many disciplines discuss and examine how it is effective on the environmental, economic and cultural problems we are experiencing. Each discipline can suggest different solutions to prevent and eliminate that the aforementioned problems. Ecovillage movement, which offers a sustainable life model, is one of the approaches aiming to bring a holistically solution to the related problems. This study carried out on the claim that ecovillages give rise to various externalities in economic, social and cultural fields and that they also have different external impact potentials. In the context of this claim, a total of eight ecovillage initiative were selected from Europe and Turkey. The selected ecovillages were examined with their ecological, economic and social aspects and the externalities they caused were determined and compared. Keywords: Externality, ecovillage, sustainability, ecology, green economy