Determination of biodegradation, bioconcentration factors and oestrogenic activity levels of bisphenol A

ABSTRACTPhD THESISDETERMINATION of BIODEGREDATION, BIOCONCENTRATIONFACTORS and OESTROGENIC ACTIVITY LEVELS of BISPHENOL AOsman GÜLNAZDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGYINSTITUTE OF NATURAL APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF CUKUROVASupervisor: Prof Dr. Sadık DİNÇERCo Supervisor: Prof. Dr. E. Sultan GİRAYYear: 2006 Page: 117Jury: Prof. Dr. Sadık DİNÇERProf. Dr. Mustafa CANLIProf. Dr. E. Sultan GİRAYAssoc. Prof. Dr. Gökhan CORALAssist. Prof. Dr. Güray KILINÇÇEKERBisphenol A is an endocrine disrupter chemical. In this study effect of Bisphenol A on microbialphysiology, biodegradation of Bisphenol A by Chlorella vulgaris and Aeromonas hydrophyla and changing ofendocrine disrupter properties after biodegradation process were investigated.Soil isolates Gram negative, rod shaped BPAd30 strains were identified with API 20NE as anAeromonas hydrophila (%86.4). Bisphenol A are used sole carbon sources for biodegredation as 60 and 120mgL-1concentrations and percentage decreasing of Bisphenol A in 24-120th hours were determined as 18, 52, 61, 89and 93 for 60 mgL-1, 15, 36, 60, 85 and 91 for 120 mgL-1. Maximum cell growth was determined in 72th hour.At the end of the study, 103, 203 and 228 mgg-1 cellular protein, 65, 121 and 124 mgg-1 cellular carbohydrate and455, 454 and 443 mgg-1 cellular lipid were determined as a wet weight for control, 60 and 120 mgL-1 Bisphenol Aconcentrations, respectively. pH of the medium were determined at about 6.6-6.8 whole biodegradationprocesses. The effect of Bisphenol A onto algal cell physiology such as cell growth, pigment, proteins,carbohydrate and lipid content were determined at various Bisphenol A concentrations (0.5- 80 mgL-1). BisphenolA is suppressed of cell growth at above 20 mgL-1 concentrations for this reason algal biodegradation study wasconducted at 20 mgL-1 Bisphenol A concentrations. Maximum cell growth was determined in 120th hour at 20mgL-1, percentage decreasing of Bisphenol A in 24-144th hours were determined as 9, 12, 23, 47, 70, 83 and 99.At the end of the study, 11.7 and 9.7 mgg-1 cellular protein, 11 and 17 mgg-1 cellular carbohydrate and 46 and 61mgg-1 cellular lipid were determined as a wet weight for control and 20 mgL-1 Bisphenol A concentrations,respectively. pH of the medium was increased from 7.5 to 9.2 in biodegradation processes. Algal and bacterialbiodegradation kinetics are obeyed first order kinetics model and half life of Bisphenol A were determined as a27 ve 46 hours for 60 and 120 mgL-1 at bacterial biodegradation studies and 57 hour for algal study at 20 mgL-1Aconcentration.The chancing of estrogenic activities was determined with dichloromethane extracts, C18 and PPL solidphase cartridge eluents. The estrogenic activity were decreased after 72 and 120th hours for algal and bacterialbiodegradation study at dichloromethane extracts. No estrogenic activity was determined after 168th hours. ForC18 solid phase cartridge eluents, estrogenic activity were decreased after 48, 72 and 120th hours for 60, 20 and120 mgL-1 concentrations. The PPL solid phase cartridge eluents showed the weak estrogenic activity (1.2-1.5) in3-72th hours. This weak estrogenic activity had decreased after 72th hours. Estrogenic activity was not determinedin control samples due to the Bisphenol A is not abiotically degrade. Finally, estrogenic activity of Bisphenol Adoes decreases by Aeromonas hydrophila and Chlorella vulgaris biologic treatment. They are most abundantmicroorganisms of wastewater and surface water.Key Words: Bisphenol A, Estrogenic Activity, Biodegradation, Aeromonas hydrophila, ChlorellavulgarisII