The investigation of utilizability in soil cleaning of the plant origin material

Persistent Organic Pollutants are described by extremely long-lives in the soil matrix and a potential for bioaccumulation through the food chain. DDT (2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1,1- trichloroethane) was one of the most extensively used organochlorine pesticides globally during the 1960-1970s and was widely applied in Turkey until being banned in 1985. In soil, p,p'-DDT can be biotically and abiotically converted to 2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1–dichloroethane (p,p'-DDD) and 2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1–dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) residues. Both p,p'-DDT and its metabolites are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and bind strongly to soil and sediment organic matter. DDT and Chlordane are highly hydrophobic organochlorine compounds (log Kow> 5) become sequestered as the age in the soil matrix and their bioavailability will decline sharply over time. Except phytoremediation many in situ remediation technologies are both difficult and ineffective. Therefore, a new remediation technology which is inexpensive, socially desirable, and highly effective is needed to apply with organic amendments to remediate contaminated soils. A series of batch and leachate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of plant based material (PBM) on dissolution and enhanced uptake of p,p'-DDE in soil. In dissolution experiments, hundred fifty milliliters of the solutions containing either 0.8 gram of (PBM) or deionized distilled (DDI) water were added to the tubes having 8 gram of p,p'-DDE contaminated soil. The tubes were sealed and put on a rotary shaker for 6 days. p,p'-DDE concentration in liquid-liquid extracted samples were measured with GC/μ-ECD. An average p,p'-DDE concentration in liquid phase were sharply increased by addition of PBM which is 38 times more than that of control samples. A- 46 % of p,p'-DDE removal was obtained from the soil samples washed with solution containing PBM. Leachate experiments were conducted with baked glass beads and sand covered by a 8 grams of p,p'-DDE contaminated soil in 500 ml separation funnel. A 150 ml of DDI water was drained through the media. Based upon the results, p,p-DDE removal efficiency was approximately 14% for the set amended with 0,8 gram of PBM. Further investigation needs to be performed on PBM related dissolution and uptake of p,p'-DDE in soil.