Biomimetic based aircraft wing design

The aerodynamic performance of all living things and objects that fly in the sky is most affected by the shape of their wings. Therefore, the most critical step in design is to achieve a wing with a high aerodynamic efficiency. The designs which have been created in this process are expected to have high lift, low drag and stable flight. Within the scope of the thesis study, in order to reach the intended design, the science of Biomimetics was used and new wing designs were created by simulating numerous the bird species' wings which have the highest aerodynamic performance in nature. The most preferred sections were defined as a result of the literature search for two-dimensional wing section selection and they were compared with the wing section of Cessna 172 aircraft, NACA2412, in flow analysis. In the flow test performed in the XFLR5 program, the aerodynamic performances of the wing sections at 106 Reynolds value and 0°-20° angle of attack were investigated. According to this analysis, the aerodynamic efficiency of the NACA2412 section was higher than the other sections. In the three-dimensional flow analysis, biomimetic wing designs and the wing of Cessna 172 aircraft were examined in the XFLR5 program at a cruising speed of 63 ms-1 between -8° and 8° angle of attack. It has been observed that the aerodynamic efficiency of the wing design, which is inspired by the albatross, is higher than the other designs. As a result of the flow analysis, the albatross wing design provided %6,26 improvement in lift coefficient, %15,73 in drag coefficient and %15,16 improvement in glide ratio compared to Cessna 172 aircraft wing design. For structural analysis, the wing which was inspired by the albatross and the wing of Cessna 172 aircraft were redrawn in the Ansys program. The pressure values obtained from the flow analysis results were used as the load distribution on the wing in the structural analysis. In the designs created using the same material, it was observed that the weight of the wing inspired by the albatross was %34,156 less than the wing weight of the Cessna 172 aircraft. In addition, the deformation of the wing tip of the albatross wing design was %50,902 less than the deformation of the Cessna 172 aircraft.