Cytotoxic effect of bioceramic root canal repair materials on periodontal ligament cells

Objective: Our study aimed to compare the cytotoxic effect of four different bioceramic root canal repair materials commonly used in endodontic treatment procedures in Pediatric Dentistry on human periodontal ligament cells. Materials and Methods: Periodontal ligament cells obtained from extracted first premolars were used in the study. MTT cytotoxicity test was performed by direct and indirect contact of cells with NeoMTA® 2, NeoPUTTY®, Biodentine™ and MTAFlow ™ White on coverslips. Apoptosis gene expression levels at 24th and 48th hours were determined by Real Time PCR method. IBM SPSS statistical package software program was used for statistical evaluation of the findings obtained in the study. Results: Statistically significantly lower cell viability was detected in the MTAFlow White group in direct contact (p≤ 0.05). According to MTT cytotoxicity results, cell viability activity was found to be less than the control in direct contact in all materials except NeoMTA® 2 at 48 hours. NeoMTA® 2 was the only material with higher cell viability activity in both direct and indirect contact compared to the control group. In NeoMTA® 2 group, caspase-3 gene expression, one of the proapoptotic markers, was statistically significantly lower than the control at 48 hours of direct contact (p≤ 0.01). Conclusion: NeoMTA® 2 showed the least cytotoxicity according to both MTT cytotoxicity test and Real Time PCR apoptosis gene markers. NeoMTA® 2, NeoPUTTY®, Biodentine™ and MTAFlow™ White are biocompatible materials and longer-term studies are needed. Keywords: Bioseramic, Cytotoxicity, Periodontal Ligament Cell, MTA