Blokzincir tabanlı kimlik doğrulama yöntemlerinin incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi

In recent years, blockchain-based authentication protocols and decentralized alternatives have come to the forefront due to the limitations of traditional password-based systems in both security and usability. While most existing studies focus on implementing their own methods, there remains a clear lack of systematic, multi-criteria comparative evaluations of alternative blockchain-based authentication techniques. This thesis systematically implements and benchmarks five user authentication methods—hot wallets, hardware wallets, multisignature schemes, NFT-based identity verification, and account abstraction—using EVM-compatible smart contracts on a blockchain testnet. Each method is analyzed across a range of quantitative and qualitative criteria, including authentication speed, security, user experience, scalability, complexity, privacy, decentralization, hardware dependency, and future-proofing. The results demonstrate that multisignature and hardware wallet authentication offer robust security, while hot wallets and NFT-based approaches provide advantages in speed and accessibility. Account abstraction stands out for its flexibility and advanced features such as social recovery. Each method exhibits distinct strengths and limitations depending on application context and risk profile; in many cases, hybrid approaches may offer the best balance. This research aims to support the transition to secure, passwordless, and decentralized authentication systems, provide a current comparative reference for developers and researchers, and help lay the foundation for next-generation identity architectures.