Taxonomy of Bolanthus turc;cus Koç & Hamzaoğlu and close speci̇es,investi̇gati̇on of phytochemi̇cal content, and thei̇r effects onpancreati̇c cancer cell li̇ne.

Pancreatic cancer represents a serious health problem due to the difficulty of early diagnosis, its aggressive course, and resistance to current treatment options. Some plants may offer potential benefits against cancer, particularly those containing antioxidants, antiinflammatory components, and substances that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. In this thesis, the cytotoxic effects of different solvent extracts of Bolanthus turcicus Koç & Hamzaoğlu on HUC-F and MIA PaCa-2 cells were determined using the MTT Colorimetric Method. The potential anticancer activity of B. turcicus plant extracts on HUC-F and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines was confirmed through scratch test and cell survival dual staining (DAPIF- ACTIN) analysis. Subsequently, the apoptotic activity of B. turcicus extracts with potential anticancer activity was evaluated through fluorometric (Caspase 3 activation analysis) and molecular (qRT-PCR analysis) methods. According to the MTT analysis results at 24 hours, the data obtained indicated low cytotoxicity of B. turcicus extract on the healthy cell line HUC-F, and selectively high cytotoxicity on the pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2. B. turcicus extracts were obtained using methanol, chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water, and the antioxidant capacity of these extracts was measured through experiments such as Total Phenolic Substance, Total Flavonoit Substance, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP. According to the experiments, the methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant vii activity. Additionally, the phytochemical content of the plant was determined through HPLC and LC-MS-QTOF Analyses. Anatomical studies of the root, stem, and leaf were conducted on 6 Bolanthus taxon endemic to Turkiye. In root anatomy, structures such as periderm, cortex, xylem, and phloem were observed. It was determined that the root periderm contained rectangular cork cambium cells, and the cortex consisted of regularly oval or rectangular parenchymatous cells. The conducting bundle system includes both phloem and xylem, but no druse crystals were found in the root. In stem anatomy, structures such as epidermis, cortex, sclerenchyma, phloem, xylem, and pith were observed. The epidermal layer consists of a single row of regular rectangular cells and is covered with dense trichomes. The cortex is composed of cylindrical parenchymatous cells and contains druse crystals in the endodermis layer. The conducting bundle system includes both phloem and xylem. In cross-sections of the stem, there is a wide pith region where large, transparent, and usually empty round pith cells are found. In leaf anatomy, epidermis, mesophyll, and vascular bundles were observed. The epidermis on the upper and lower surfaces consists of a single row of regular rectangular, square, and oval cells. The mesophyll tissue is of equifacial type and includes palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. Vascular bundles, the largest of which is located on the midrib, are found in the middle sections. Collateral vascular bundles contain xylem, phloem, and sclerenchyma cells. Dense druse crystals are observed in the midrib of the leaf.