Bolu'da doğal yayılış gösteren orkideler üzerinde morfolojik çalışmalar ve popülasyon gözlemleri

This study was conducted to reveal the current diversity of Orchidaceae in Bolu province and to make detailed morphometric analyzes and population observations on taxa. In the research area, a total of 92 field studies were conducted from April 2014 to September 2017, and 2727 plant specimens belonging to 231 populations/stations were collected from the research area and 53 taxa belonging to 17 genera were determined. Of all the collected taxa, seven are endemic and one is rare. The IUCN threat categories of endemic and rare plants are as follows: 7 taxa "NE (not evaluated) at global level and 1 rare taxon is found in the "VU (vulnerable)" category at regional level. In the detailed morphological studies, two systems have been applied for evaluation of the taxa and compared: traditional taxonomy and numerical taxonomy. In the traditional morphological analyses, 41 quantitative, 28 qualitative characters were used. The detailed descriptions, habitat and locality characteristics, and regional conservation assessments of all taxa were given. For the numerical taxonomic analyses, as possible at 10 specimens from each population was sampled randomly. If there were not enough individuals in the population, 5 samples were taken. In the numerical evaluation of all taxa, principle component and cluster analyses were used to analyse the variation of 40 quantitative, 3 qualitative characters measured for 57 OTUs (operational taxonomic units). In this study, one taxon (Anacamptis × parvifolia (Chaub.) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr.) for Turkey and nine taxa for Bolu were determined as new records. Concerning the life forms, 91% (48 taxa) of taxa are photosynthetic autotrophs while the remaining 9% (5 taxa) are saprophytes without chlorophyll. Considering phytogeographic regions of 53 taxa, 11 of them are Euro-Siberian elements, one of them is Irano-Turanian, one of them are Hyrcano-Euxine and 14 of them is Mediterranean elements. Some of the identified taxa (26 taxa) were widespread and of unknown phytogeographic origin. The genera with the most taxa in the research area are as follows: Dactylorhiza Neck. (10 taxa), Anacamptis Rich. (7 taxa), Orchis Tourn. ex L. (7 taxa), Epipactis Zinn (6 taxa) and Ophrys L. (5 taxa).