Analysis of the financial status of energy companies traded in Borsa Istanbul by TOPSIS method and evaluation of their stock market performance in terms of sustainability

This study has two objectives. First objective is: To measure and compare the financial performances of 30 energy companies (AHGAZ, AKENR, AKFYE, AKSEN, AKSUE, ALFAS, ARASE, AYDEM, AYEN, BIOEN, CANTE, CATES, CONSE, CWENE, ENERY, ENJSA, ESEN, GWIND, HUNER, IZENR, KARYE, MAGEN, NATEN, NTGAZ, ODAS, PAMEL, SMRTG, TATEN, ZEDUR and ZOREN) in the Borsa Istanbul Electricity Index (BIST XELKT) in December 2023 by using TOPSIS method, one of the multi-criteria decision making methods. For this objective, "Current Ratio, Acid-Test Ratio, Financing Ratio, Asset Turnover Ratio, Receivables Turnover Ratio, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Financial Leverage Ratio, STL / Total Liabilities, Financial Expenses / Net Sales" ratios were calculated using the financial data in the balance sheets and income statements of the companies in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, which consist of annual data covering the period 2020-2021-2022 and TOPSIS method was used. The weight values of the performance criteria used in the construction of the weighted standard decision matrix of this method were calculated by CRITIC weighting method. Afterwards, these ratios were converted into a score indicating the performance of the companies. With these scores, the ranking and rating of the companies were found and a comparison was made. Since publicly traded companies publish their financial data through the Public Disclosure Platform (PDP), financial data in this study are obtained from the PDP. Microsoft Office 365 Excel programme was used for data collection and analysis. As a result, ARASE was the company closest to the ideal solution (with the highest financial performance) in 2020, ARASE again in 2021 and IZENR in 2022. When we look at the three years in general, IZENR showed the highest performance, followed by NTGAZ. The second objective is: To examine whether the announcement of the inclusion of 9 companies (AKENR, AKSEN, AYDEM, ENJSA, ESEN, GWIND, MAGEN, NATEN and ZOREN) in the BIST Sustainability Index among the above 30 companies included in both the BIST Electricity (XELKT) and BIST Sustainability (XUSRD) Indices in December 2023 has any effect on stock returns. Event Study method was used to examine this situation. As a result, it is concluded that the market in Türkiye is not efficient in the semi-strong form and there may be abnormal negative returns due to publicly disclosed information.