Serum adiponectin, apelin, and resistin levels in patients with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, Type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and metabolic syndrome (MeS) are diseases that are exceptionally serious, ever-increasing all around the world, spreading epidemically, leading to socio-economical problems and threatening human health. In recent studies, it has been stated that adipose tissue is not only a source of energy, but also an active endoctrine organ and that adiponectin, apelin and resistin excreted by this tissue are related to Type 2 diabetes and MeS. This study aims to compare and contrast serum adiponectin, apelin, resistin and insulin resistance parameters in patients with IFG and IGT, which are pre-diabetes phases, Type 2 DM and MeS. The study was comprised of patients with 18 type 2 DM (9 females, 9 males), 18 IFG (9 females, 9 males), 18 IGT (9 females, 9 males), 18 MeS (9 females, 9 males) and 16 healthy individuals (8 females, 8 males), and serum adiponectin, apelin, resistin levels, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, insulin resistance markers and lipid parameters were measured. In the study, it was determined that serum adiponectin levels in IGT, MeS and Type 2 DM groups were significantly lower in comparison with control group (p<0.01; p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively). Serum apelin levels were also determined to be significantly lower in IGT, MeS and Type 2 DM groups compared with control group (p<0.05; p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). As for serum resistin levels, they were determined to be significantly higher in IGT and Type 2 DM groups compared with control group (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). However, no significant differences were determined in IFG group rather than control group, in terms of serum adiponectin, apelin and resistin levels. In conclusion, it may considered that adiponectin, apelin and resistin could influence glucose metabolism and insulin resistance; become a kind of useful indicator in preventing complications with early diagnosis in pre-diabetes phase of individuals with IGT, rather than IFG, and apelin and adiponectin could have a potential role in treatment. Key Words: Metabolic Syndrome, Pre-Diabetes, Adiponectin, Apelin and Resistin