Breaking communication barriers for a safer sky: A safety-focused investigation into challenges and perceptions of aviation English competency among ab-initio pilots in Turkey

The linguistic, communicative, and interactional competence of ab-initio pilots in Aviation English presents a critical concern in the aviation industry, necessitating comprehensive research to delve into the underlying issues, causes, and effects. This study focuses on the competency of ab-initio pilots in Aviation English at a Turkish foundation university, employing a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. Findings from the adapted 'Competency in Aviation English' questionnaire, with responses from 90 student pilots, and focus group interviews, involving 45 participants, reveal significant concerns, particularly in speaking and listening skills, with a substantial number falling below the B2 level. The study identifies potential gaps in proficiency exams, emphasizing the need for a more comprehensive assessment of speaking skills and a reevaluation of the curriculum. Participants highlight challenges in maintaining fluent speech during emergency situations, understanding different accents, and coping with workload and noise. Root causes include language proficiency, cultural factors, fear of making mistakes, teaching style, and lack of practice materials. Negative consequences encompass stress, impaired flight performance, and safety concerns. The study calls for tailored pedagogical approaches, suggesting improvements in proficiency exams, custom programs for ab-initio pilots, and better alignment of flight and language training. Emphasis on realistic fluency goals, stress management, and technology integration is crucial for effective training. From a safety management perspective, strategic investments, standardized admission protocols and SMS trainings, stress management, and continuous program updates are underscored as vital for maintaining safety standards in the aviation industry. Key Words: Aviation English, Ab-Initio Pilots, Pilot Training, Safety Management