Dynamic soil behavior analyses of Bursa city center

In the scope of this theisis, the amplification and, the liquefaction analysis and the sandy soil settlement analysis of selected locations of Central Bursa has been illustrated. In the analysis the 17 August 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake records have been considered. In the region, the maximum horizontal accelerations in the bed rock have been determined by the damping relations which is offered by P. Spudich, J.B. Fletcher et al, (1997). In this process Kocaeli-Gebze (GBZ) station records have been used. In the analysis of amplification of central Bursa region the software EERA (Equivalent - Linear Earthquake Response Analysis) has been used. Additional information about the software can be found on the web site: http://geoinfo.usc.edu/gees. The information about the software which is used for the analysis of the soil amplification has been given in Section 3. In Section 3 "One Dimensional Equevalent Linear Soil Response Analysis" has been illustrated which is the basic principle of the soil amplification. During the earthquakes, seismic waves travels through the soil and they cause harmonic pair of forces. Those pair of forces force the soil particles to be dense.The direction of the harmonic motion changes in short periods and this cause an increase in the pore water pressure of the soils.When the pore water pressure is equal to vertical effective stress the soil behaves as liquid and this is called liquefaction. The raito of shear stress and vertical effective stress during the earthquake is called Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR). Liquefaction occurs when the ratio of CRS is greater than the Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR) in saturated sandy soils. Some corelations have been developed depending on the results of in situ tests. In the theisis, liquafaction analysis have been done according to SPT-N corelations which are proposed by NCEER - 1997. On the other hand, for the soils which has thin grain size ((-No.200) 35%< (-No 200) <45% methods which is proposed by Seed and De Alba (1986), Seed and Harder (1990) have been used. In the situation which the plasticity index lp>5% the methods which is proposed by Seed et. al. (1990), and Ishihara et. al. (1992) have been used. During the earthquakes, because of the harmonic motion densification occurs in sandy soils. In central Bursa region the prediction of densification (and settlement) due to earthquake have been been done my the method which is proposed by Ishihara and Yoshimine (1992) by using the Safe Factor for liquefaction (SF) and SPT-N. By this method for each SF and SPT-N values the strain (s) of the soil can be calculated. By (s) the settlements can be calculated. Liquefaction and setlement analysis are done by a computer program. This computer program is constituted for this theisis. XI