The use of spoil/transformed materials in the Early Period Ottoman buildings in Bursa and İznik

Section 1. Comprises the `Introduction?, which includes the objective in view in selecting the subject in general, covering the topics of study and the methods pursued. Section 2. Provides general knowledge about the use of spoils/transformed material in the course of history. The reasons for their use and the procedure followed in practice are treated. The historical process in question is considered to consist of the Byzantium and the Ottoman era. All the available sources were delved into to find out the whys and wherefores of the use of spoils in Byzantium, the period of Ottoman principalities and in the Ottoman era. Section 3. Deals with researches conducted on the historical processes in Antiquity and Ottoman era related to Bursa and İznik selected as study fields. The fact that both cities had been important centers either during the Antiquity and under the Ottomans played a role in their selections. Section 4. Depicts the buildings in Bursa and İznik dating from early Ottoman era which have been spotted and in which use was made of spoils. Data were collected about the said constructions and the spoils there of were photographed and classified. Conclusion. In this section, the material identified as spoils were assessed and the number of spoils that are made use of in the constructions in Bursa and İznik has been calculated in statistical terms. The objective of this study was to form a treasury of information for the futures researchers interested to conduct studies on the use of spoils. Key words: Spoils, Transformed Material, Early Ottoman Era Buildings, Bursa, İznik, Byzantium. xiv