The role of adi̇ponecti̇n of intrauterine growth restriction rats in placental growth

The placenta is a regulator organ for many metabolic activities between mother and fetus. Placental development is a series of events that depend on the coordinated action of trophoblast cell proliferation, differentiation and invasion. Overexposure to maternal glucose and glucocorticoids causes several placental and fetal pathologies. Circulating adiponectin is a target component for placenta tissue. But it is not well known that how adiponectin affects placenta and fetus in preeclampsia (PE), diabetes and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In this study we determinated AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins and mRNA levels in control and IUGR rats placentas at 14, 16, 18, 20. days by western and RT-PCR techniques. For adiponectin signal transduction, AMPK and eNOS proteins were measured by western blot technique. Also serum concentrations of adiponectin were assessed by Elisa method. In western blot analyzes; it was demonstrated that adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 protein quantities were increased in IUGR groups than control. AMPK phosphorylation was significantly decreased in IUGR groups than control at 14. day. eNOS phosphorylation was not change excessively during the gestation of control groups. eNOS phosphorylation was significantly decreased in IUGR groups at 14,18. days. In the RT-PCR results, adiponectin, AdipoR1, AdipoR2 mRNA levels were elevated in IUGR groups compared to control. It was established that the result of serum adiponectin levels were significantly diminished in IUGR group compared to control. The reason of weight loss in dexametazon injected rat placenta and embryo can be releated to AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins which are members of MAPK and AMPK signal pathways. It can be concluded that adiponectin and its receptors upregulated to provide normal placental growth in IUGR placentas in contrary to glucocorticoids. This study emphasizes that adiponectin can have lots of functions to eradicate the glucocorticoids's adverse effects.