An evaluation of Jahız's views on temperament from the perspective of kalam

In this study, the views related to temperament of Al Jahiz who lived during the second and third Hijri centuries and is one of the most important names of Mu'tazila was evaluated from the standpoint of human actions, goodness (Husun), badness/evilness (Kubuh), religion and ethic. The views related to subject of Al Jahiz, who was influenced by Galen's theory of temperament, were determined from her his works, especially Kitāb al-Hayawān. In this study, temperament was argued to be a potential of the human which, when used correctly, can give the ability to distinguish the good from the bad and, with the influence of religion, can improve/beautify the morals. Thus, with asserting that temperament can be of a changing nature, it was aimed to explain how, when it is balanced, you can acquire the happiness of both this life world and the hereafter. Our study is constituted of introduction, two sections, and conclusion. In the introduction, the life, personality, intellectual life, and approach to Kalam of Al Jahiz are briefly discussed. Also, some of his works we hinted at that are related to concept of temperament are talked about. In the first part, its definition as a general view of temperament, its historical process and its conceptual framework are discussed. The concept of temperament has been analyzed in the Quran and Hadith. In the second section the views of some Islamic scholars on the subject and the temperament theory of Al Jahiz are discussed in detail. The functionality of temperament and its potential as a human being have been evaluated in terms of Kalam regarding human issues. Keywords: Al Jahiz, temperament, Ahlat-ı Erbaa (The four temperaments) human actions, goodness badness/evilness, morals/ethics, religion