Altitudinal habitat use of Jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) in Trabzon, Arsin, Yanbolu Valley

In this study, altitudinal distribution and habitat use of Golden jackal (Canis aureus) by in Trabzon, Arsin, Yanbolu Valley were tried to be determined starting from September 2019 to February 2021. In the study area with a total area of 158 km2, 62–day fieldwork was carried out. Direct and indirect observation methods were used in field studies. Direct observations were made by one or two people using point and line observations, as well as using a camera trap. In indirect observations, signs such as Jackal's footprints, scats, etc. were used. As a result of the research, data such as 253 camera trap images of the Jackal, direct observation in one area, 16 Jackal howling sounds in three areas, and footprints in one area were obtained from almost every altitude up to the upper limit of the forest at an altitude of at least 40 meters and a maximum of 1514 meters. While it is seen that the Jackal distributes in areas close to agricultural and residential areas at low altitudes, it was determined that it generally distributes in forest areas at higher elevations. In forest areas, it has been observed that it can easily use forests with high closure as well as forest areas with low closure. Elements that threaten the Jackal are lack of information about the species, poaching, predator pressure, stray dogs, roads, agricultural drugs, and environmental pollution.