Cami mimarisinde kapsayıcı tasarım: Türkiye örneğinde toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifi

The issue of mosque design in Turkey is often the subject of political and form-related debates. Places of worship need to be reconsidered as a design problem with a user-oriented space design approach. This study aims to develop alternative design proposals for women's spaces in mosques in Turkey. One of the main objectives of this study is to investigate how the issue of being 'inclusive' is addressed in contemporary mosque design and whether contemporary mosques offer a new and more inclusive usage experience to the user beyond a formal innovation. In doing so, the compatibility of the first mosque of the Muslims with this proposed inclusive principle was investigated. Afterward, it was analyzed how places of worship and their uses were handled by different authorities in the following periods. The aim was to analyze the masculine structure commonly seen in today's places of worship and to understand the archetype underlying the spatial segregation of women. Various women's movements, which are the basis of women's claim of rights in the public sphere in today's Turkey, and the journey of women's participation in public life are discussed. In this context, women's movements in the Ottoman Empire, women's associations and political gains in the Republican period, the political atmosphere of post-Republican Turkey, and the Islamist and Feminist movements that increased after 1980 are discussed. In addition, the rise of the 'Muslim Woman' figure in the public sphere as a result of these movements is also discussed. The necessity of new design ways for women users, whose visibility in public life has increased and who have started to use the mosque space more actively, is explained. Finally, how 'inclusive design' can gain a place in mosque architecture and what kind of principles it should be discussed. Accordingly, a set of criteria consisting of 12 items has been developed to be used in measuring the physical and psychosocial inclusiveness of the spaces allocated to women in mosques. Since the 21st century, the policies the Presidency of Religious Affairs adopted on the subject and the reforms made for women in mosque spaces since 2013 have been mentioned. In light of the criteria set, various mosques in the province of Ankara were identified and evaluated. Subsequently, various examples of mosques built around the world that innovatively address the use of gendered space are analyzed and discussions on gender representations in places of worship are included.