Evaluation of some fuel properties of biopellets obtained from various agricultural wastes

Fossil fuels have been used for many years to meet the energy need, although they are cheap, widely used, have a very well-known technology, and have a high energy density, even though they harm the environment. In this study, upper calorific value, brief analysis and chemical analysis of biopellets including greenhouse waste pellet, woody waste pellet, pine pellet, pine+mdf pellet, sunflower shell pellet, hazelnut pulp pellet and poplar+cone pellet were made. Analysis results were compared with ISO 17225-6, ONORM M 7135, DIN, ITEBE, SS 18 71 70, Pellet Fuel Institute, CTI-R 04/5, PFI, CAN, EN with the most ppropriate pellet types. In addition, the upper calorific value was determined according to the short analysis and chemical analysis, and its compatibility with the mathematical models used for biomass that gives the upper calorific value. Seven different equations were used for brief analysis and elemental analysis; E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6 and E7 were used to estimate the upper calorific value by considering the ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon contents of the biomass. E8, E9, E10, E11, E12, E13, and E14 models were used to estimate the upper calorific value according to the results of chemical analysis such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur. It was determined that the upper calorific value equation calculated from the results of the short analysis, which was most compatible with the experimentally determined the upper calorific values, was E4. According to these equations, the thermal value of the biopellet was affected by the amount of volatile matter and fixed carbon. The upper calorific value equation calculated from the elemental analysis results, which is most compatible with the experimentally determined the upper calorific value, is E8, which is a simple equation dependent only on the amount of carbon. The best R2 values ​​for short analysis and elemental analysis models are 0.8721 and 0.7234, respectively.