Production of some secondary metabolites by biotechnologically from the organic pollutants in environment

viPRODUCTION OF SOME SECONDARY METABOLITES BYBIOTECHNOLOGICALLY FROM THE ORGANIC POLLUTANTS INENVIRONMENT(Ph. D. Thesis)Dilşad ONBAŞILIGAZI UNIVERSITYINSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYOctober 2006ABSTRACTIn this study, a total of twenty strains belonging to genera Pseudomonas wereused. The productions of pigment (pyocyanin), exopolysaccharides (EPS) andrhamnolipid, formed by strains, were determined by spectrophotometricmethod. The production of pyocyanin ranged between 2.11-10.10 µg/mL, EPS22-75 mg/mL and rhamnolipid 219-521 mg/mL.Toxic effects of some organic environmental pollutants (2,4-D, gasoline, BTXand benzene) on strains of Pseudomonas spp. were investigated. For thispurpose, various concentrations of 2, 4-D herbicide, gasoline, BTX and benzenewere tested to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ofindividual strains. Degradation studies were evaluated according to MICs and itwas found that, strains were more resistant to 2, 4-D herbicide and benzenerather than BTX and gasoline.In the present study, organic pollutant (2,4-D, gasoline, BTX and benzene)biodegradation abilities and secondary metabolite production rates of P.aeruginosa B1, P. putida B15, P. stutzeri B11 and P. fluorescens B5 for variousviiperiods of time (24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs) were determined by spectrophotometricmethod. In the presence of 2-4-D herbicide, maximal production of pyocyanin,EPS and rhamnolipid production was observed in P. aeruginosa B1 at 72 hours(4,1 µg/mL, 40 mg/L and 45 mg/L, respectively). In the presence gasoline,maximal production of rhamnolipid (52 mg/L) production was observed in P.putida B15 at 72 hours. In the presence BTX, maximal production of EPSproduction (30 mg/L) was observed in P. putida B11 at 48 hours and in benzene,maximal production of EPS production (33 mg/L) was observed in P.fluorescens B5 at 72 hours.The monomer compositions and EPS production of P. aeruginosa B1, whichdegradated to 2, 4-D at different growth time (24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs), weredetermined by using HPLC. The degradation of 2, 4-D herbicide advanced to 24% at 24 hrs, 31 % at 48 hrs, 32 % 72 hrs and 33 % at 96 hrs. The monomericcomposition of EPS produced by P. aeruginosa B1 were found some differencesbetween nutrient broth and MSM medium with 2, 4-D. Sugar composition ofEPS produced by P. aeruginosa B1 in NB was 31 % glucose, 69 % glycerol and70 % glycerol, 30 % N-acetyl-D-glucose amine in MSM medium with 2,4-D. Onthe other hand, the monomeric EPS consituents of strains that grow well inpetroleum hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, BTX and benzene (P. putida B15 inbenzene, P. stutzeri B11 in BTX and P. fluorescence B5 in benzene) weredetermined as glucose, arabinose, glycerol ribose, galactronic acid, N-acetyl-D-galactose amine and N-acetyl-D-glucose amine when grown in nutrient brothand MSM medium with petroleum hydrocarbon.Science Code: :216Key Words :Pseudomonas spp., pyocyanin production, EPSproduction, rhamnolipid production, organicpollutants, biodegradationPage Number :125Adviser: :Prof. Dr. Belma ASLIM