Public policy instruments for environment: comparison of the European Union and Turkey

For many years environment has been overlooked by economic authorities, because the environment have been seen as a free goods which endless and inexhaustible. However, it has been understood in the last century that the situation is not as thought. Consisting in particular of public goods and including externalities, the environment has led economist stodeal with. Indeed, in today's world environmental issues has become a significant level. Now that countries areacting together to fight the problem. Many international organizations and countries have started to give importance to environmental policies. The European Union also put pressure on memberstates to implement similar policies. Nonetheless, countries may implement public policies themselves. In this sense, public measures, such as taxes, legal regulations, standards, subsidies, the identification of polluting right sare the main policy instruments countries applied. With the help of these policy instruments, it is being struggled resolving environmental problems and protecting environment. Both European Union countries and Turkey, are struggling with environmental issues by using the public policy tools pointedout. However, this issue is debatable how successful they are. It can be said that policies are not successful in Turkey, where environmental problems has become a serious level, as compered EuropeanUnion. For this, it should be considered that which precautions should be taken.In our study, in this context, environmental public policy instruments implemented in the European Union and Turkey were compared and to make recommendations in terms of Turkey were studied. In this respect, primarily, theoretical descriptions have been made in terms of environment, issues of environment and economic-financial aspects of the environment and public policy instruments of environment. In then extsection, environmental policies of the European Union, environmental public policy instruments implemented in countries of the European Union, environmental policies in Turkey, and public tools for environment are described. Also in this section by comparison with the European Union and Turkey, findings and recommendations have been made in terms of Turkey.