Investigation of bifacial photovoltaic panels under different ground conditions

In addition to the increase in efficiency provided by the change of technologies of photovoltaic systems, even the smallest increase that can be achieved in total energy production with some changes to be made in the field of application is very important. In this thesis, models of monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic systems were created under different ground conditions in Konya, Ankara, Antalya, İzmir, and Sivas regions. In the analysis made, 35° inclination angle with horizontal and 0° azimuth angles were taken for 54 kWp installed power for the roof application. The performances of bifacial PV panels and monofacial PV panels were compared in different ground conditions with Albedo values of 80% for white ground, 30% for sand ground, and 10% for asphalt ground conditions. It has been shown that the performance ratio of bifacial PV panels installed on white ground in July, when the radiation value is the highest in the Konya region, is 14% higher than that monofacial PV panels, and the annual total value is 8.8% higher. In Konya, one of the cities evaluated, the annual total energy values transferred to the grid after losses for bifacial PV panels were determined as 105.69 MWh on white ground, and 97.73 MWh on sand ground, 94.40 MWh on asphalt ground, and 91.19 MWh for monofacial PV panels. and it was determined that photovoltaic panels installed on white ground can produce 15.9% more energy than monofacial PV panels. It has been determined that this gain is 16.0% in the Ankara region, 17.5% in the Antalya region, 16.1% in the Izmir region, and 15.1% in the Sivas region. In the study, the total radiation values coming to the front and back sides of the PV panels were also calculated. When the annual energy values of the bifacial PV panels on the white background are analyzed in the Konya region, it is seen that it is 5.4% higher than the Ankara region, 12.2% higher than the Antalya region, 0.5% higher than İzmir region and 1.9% higher than Sivas region. When the annual performance rates of bifacial PV panels on white background are examined in the Konya region, it is found that it is 0.8% higher than the Antalya region, 1.7% higher than the İzmir region, and 0.1% less than the Ankara region and 0.8% less than Sivas region. In the economic analysis, in the evaluation made for an industrial consumption place, the simple payback period of the monofacial PV panel is 3.1 years, while the simple payback period for the bifacial PV panel is calculated as 2.7 years. According to the net present value method, it has been observed that the bifacial PV application provides 239,834 TL more savings during the project period. It was found that the internal profitability ratio of the monofacial PV panel application was 0.32, and this value was 0.36 in the bifacial PV panel application. As a result, it has been seen that besides the ground conditions that can be changed with a low investment cost in the application area of the panels, the bifacial PV panel applications that can be preferred to have a positive effect of about 15% on the system performance compared to the monofacial PV panels and their economic feasibility is also appropriate.