Application of artificial intelligence algorithms in the diagnosis and classification of celiac disease

Celiac disease (CD) is quite common and is a proximal small bowel disease that develops as a permanent intolerance to glüten and other cereal proteins in cereals. It is considered as one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose. Histopathological evidence of small bowel biopsies taken during endoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Therefore, computer-aided detection (CAD) systems in endoscopy are a newly emerging technology to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of the disease and to save time and manpower. For this reason, a hybrid machine learning methods have been applied for the CAD of celiac disease. Firstly, spatial context-based optimal multilevel thresholding technique was employed to segment the images. Afterwards, images were decomposed into subbands with discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and the distinctive features were extracted with scale invariant texture recognition. Classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity ratio are 94.79%, 94.29% and 95.08% respectively. The results of the proposed models are compared with the result of other state-of-the-art methods such as convolutional neural network (CNN) and higher order spectral (HOS) analysis. The results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid approaches are accurate, fast and robust.