Comparative evaluation of the biocompatability of bioceramic root canal sealers and resin based root canal sealer

The biocompatibility of root canal sealers used during the final stage of endodontic treatment, specifically in the process of filling root canals, is crucial for the success of the treatment in terms of periradicular tissues. The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers commonly used today (Endosequence BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS, CeraSeal Bioceramic Sealer, AH Plus) on human gingival fibroblast cells using the MTT test. In the study, human gingival fibroblast cells were used as the cell group. Root canal sealers were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. After 24 hours for their hardening, they were kept in culture medium for an additional 24 hours to obtain extracts. Extracts obtained from each sealer were diluted at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Culture medium was used as a control group. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 3.1000 cells per well. The cells were exposed to the extracts for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. Cell viability and cell death rates were evaluated by adding MTT solution and measuring with a spectrophotometer. This experiment was repeated three times. While 100% concentration of all materials showed higher cytotoxicity at 24 hours compared to 72 hours, 25% concentration showed lower cytotoxicity at 24 hours compared to 72 hours. In all groups, AH Plus showed the highest cytotoxicity, while CeraSeal Bioceramic Sealer showed the lowest cytotoxicity.