Green economy transformation evolved with the COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts for countries, businesses and investors

Economy is a concept that has undergone many changes over the years. Societies, states and companies are directly affected by the changes as part of the equation and are shaped accordingly. From the process that started with the industrial revolution, global welfare increase has been achieved, but the unsustainability of the growth in this system has occured in the 21st century as natural destruction such as decrease in biodiversity, increase in sea levels, rise in surface temperature. The effect of this situation has been experienced with the COVID-19 pandemic. The green order is a new approach that aims to take into account the interests of the environment and society while ensuring sustainable growth and economic activity. In this thesis, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of the green economy was tested using the ARCH method. The findings show that there is a significant and positive effect. In the new green order; how the countries, businesses and investors can benefit from this change and take action is discussed within the scope of the thesis. Decision makers on an international scale, especially the European Union, are introducing a series of measures and limitations to the carbon economy in order to adapt to the new order in the next 25 years. By taking past examples, especially developing countries' ability to manage this process is already taking steps. While companies continue their activities, they must make certain changes in order to stay in the green economy ecosystem and act in accordance with this order. For investors, it is explained how they can include these financial instruments in their portfolios by foreseeing green potential. Within the scope of the thesis, examples from both countries and companies in the transition to green economy were included in the study and interpreted.