Pharmaceutical investigations of crenosciadium siifolium and glaucosciadium cordifolium (apiaceae)

In this work, two monotypic species belonging in Apiaceae family which are grows naturally in Turkey and one of them is endemic and hazard category (EN), (Crenosciadium siifolium Boiss. et. Heldr. and Glaucosciadium cordifolium (Boiss.) Burtt. & Davis) are investigated the aspects of pharmaceutical botany. And then the morphological, anatomical and palynological properties of these species is particularly found out by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In our chemical studies, oil yield of plants and essential oil analyzes are determined and investigated the antimicrobial effect. In order to determine the morphological characteristics of these species, general appearance, inflorescence, flower, fruit and fruit parts is drawn and it is given along with photos taken in their natural environment. Micromorphological characteristics of the fruit surface is also examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the anatomical studies, the internal structure of these plants are illuminated with the section taken from stem, leaves and fruits. Stems in both types are round and ribbed. There are 13-17 vascular bundle in C. siifolium and 17-24 vascular bundle in G. cordifolium. Their shape is similar to the ring. As the pith in C. siifolium is empty, G. cordifolium is full of the pith and it partly includes the secretory canals. While the leaves of C. siifolium is are bifasial, the other type has monofasiyal type. The merikarp anatomy of C.siifolium is in transverse section, its shape is pentagonal and it has a lot of secretory canals. The shape of G. cordifolium is elliptic and it has less secretory canals. Whereas the shape of the pollen of C. siifolium is like perprolate, the shape of the pollen of the other is like europlate-perprolate and both of them have rugulate ornemantation. In chemical studies, essential oil is obtained from herb with distillation and it is performed GC and GC-MS analysis of essential compounds. The main components of essential oils of C. siifolium are diterpen (% 35.9), β-Pinen (% 19.9) and (Z)-β-Osimen (% 9.8). The main components of essential oils of G. cordifolium are Sabinen (% 42.1), α- Pinen (% 17.1) and α-Fellandren (% 10.1). In antimicrobial studies, anticandidal and antibacterial activity of the essential oil is tested against the 14 pathogenic microorganisms according to the standard protocols of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Keywords: Apiaceae, anatomy, essential oil, morphology, palynology, SEM